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Burke Holland Mid-brain takes on software and AI. Blog About Projects January 05, 2026 Opus 4.5 is going to change everything Edit: A lot of folks have been asking what worfklows I used to write these apps. I used GitHub Copilot in VS Code with a custom agent prompt that you’ll find toward the end of this post. Context7 was the only MCP I used. I mostly just used the built-in voice dictation feature and talked to Claude. No fancy workflows, planning, etc required. The agent harness in VS Code for Opus 4.5 is so good - you don’t need much else. And it’s remarkably fast. Also, if it’s not obvious, these are my opinions. I’m wrong like 50% of the time so proceed with caution. If you had asked me three months ago about these statements, I would have said only someone who’s never built anything non-trivial would believe they’re true. Great for augmenting a developer’s existing workflow, and completions are powerful, but agents replacing developers entirely? No. Absolutely not. Today, I think that AI coding agents can absolutely replace developers. And the reason that I believe this is Claude Opus 4.5. Opus 4.5 is not normal And by “normal”, I mean that it is not the normal AI agent experience that I have had thus far. So far, AI Agents seem to be pretty good at writing spaghetti code and after 9 rounds of copy / paste errors into the terminal and “fix it” have probably destroyed my codebase to the extent that I’ll be throwing this whole chat session out and there goes 30 minutes I’m never getting back. Opus 4.5 feels to me like the model that we were promised - or rather the promise of AI for coding actually delivered. One of the toughest things about writing that last sentence is that the immediate response from you should be, “prove it”. So let me show you what I’ve been able to build. Project 1 - Windows Image Conversion Utility I first noticed that Opus 4.5 was drastically different when I used it to build a Windows utility to right-click an image and convert it to different file types. This was basically a one shot build after asking Opus the best way to add a right-click menu to the file explorer. What amazed me through the process of building this was Opus 4.5 ability to get most things right on the first try. And if it ran into errors, it would try and build using the dotnet CLI, read the errors and iterate until fixed. The only issue I had was Opus inability to see XAML errors, which I used Visual Studio to see and copy / paste back into the agent. Opus built a site for me to distribute it and handled the bundling of the executable so as to use a powershell script for the install, uninstall. It also built the GitHub Actions which do the release and update the landing page so that all I have to do is push source. The only place I had to use other tools was for the logo - where I used Figma’s AI to generate a bunch of different variations - but then Opus wrote the scripts to convert that SVG to the right formats for icons, even store distribution if I chose to do so. Now this is admittedly not a complex application. This is a small Windows utility that is doing basically one thing. It’s not like I asked Opus 4.5 to build Photoshop. Except I kind of did. Project 2 - Screen recording / editing I was so impressed by Opus 4.5 work on this utility that I decided to make a simple GIF recording utility similar to LICEcap for Mac. Great app, questionable name. But that proved to be so easy, that I went ahead and continued adding features, including capturing and editing video, static images, adding shapes, cropping, blurs and more. I’m still working on this application as it turns out building a full on image/video editor is kind of a big undertaking. But I got REALLY far in a matter of hours. HOURS, PEOPLE. I don’t have a fancy landing page for this one yet, but you can view all of the source code here . I realized that if I could build a video recording app, I could probably build anything at all - at least UI-wise. But the achilles heel of all AI agents is when they have to glue together backend systems - which any real world application is going to have - auth, database, API, storage. Except Opus 4.5 can do that too. Project 3 - AI Posting Utility Armed with my confidence in Opus 4.5, I took on a project that I had built in React Native last year and finished for Android, but gave up in the final stretches (as one does). The application is for my wife who owns a small yard sign franchise. The problem is that she has a Facebook page for the business, but never posts there because it’s time consuming. But any good small business has a vibrant page where people can see photos of your business doing…whatever the heck it does. So people know that it exsits and is alive and well. The idea is simple - each time she sets up a yard sign, she takes a picture to send to the person who ordered it so they can see it was setup. So why not have a mobile app where she can upload 10 images at a time, and the app will use AI to generate captions and then schedule them and post them over the coming week. It’s a simple premise, but it has a lot of moving parts - there is the Facebook authentication which is a caper in and of itself - not for the faint of heart. There is authentication with a backend, there is file storage for photos that are scheduled to go out, there is the backend process which needs to post the photo. It’s a full on backend setup. As it turns out, I needed to install some blinds in the house so I thought - why don’t I see if Opus 4.5 can build this while I install the blinds. So I fired up a chat session and just started by telling Opus 4.5 what I wanted to build and how it would recommend handling the backend. It recommended several options but settled on Firebase. I’m not now nor have I ever been a Firebase user, but at this point I trust Opus 4.5 a lot. Probably too much. So I created a Firebase account, upgraded to the Blaze plan with alerts for billing and Opus 4.5 got to work. By the time I was done installing blinds, I had a functional iOS application for using AI to caption photos and posting them on a schedule to Facebook. When I say that Opus 4.5 built this almost entirely, I mean it. It used the firebase CLI to stand up any resources it needed and would tag me in for certain things like upgrading a project to the Blaze plan for features like storage, etc. The best part was that when the Firebase cloud functions would throw errors, it would automatically grep those logs, find the error and resolve it. And all it needed was a CLI. No MCP Server. No fancy prompt file telling it how to use Firebase. And of course, since I can, I had Opus 4.5 create a backend admin dashboard so I could see what she’s got pending and make any adjustments. And since it did in a few hours what had taken me two months of work in the evenings instead of being a decent husband, I decided to make up for my dereliction of duties by building her another app for her sign business that would make her life just a bit more delightful - and eliminate two other apps she is currently paying for. Project 4 - Order tracking and routing This app parses orders from her business Gmail account to show her what sign setups / pickups she has for the day, calculates how long its going to take to go to each stop, calculates the optimal route when there is more than one stop and tracks drive time for tax purposes. She was previously using two paid apps for the last two features there. This app also uses Firebase. Again, Opus one-shotted the Google auth email integration. This is the kind of thing that is painstakingly miserable by hand. And again, Firebase is so well suited here because Opus knows how to use the Firebase CLI so well. It needs zero instruction. BUT YOU DON’T KNOW HOW THE CODE WORKS No I don’t. I have a vague idea, but you are right - I do not know how the applications are actually assembled. Especially since I don’t know Swift at all. This used to be a major hangup for me. I couldn’t diagnose problems when things went sideways. With Opus 4.5, I haven’t hit that wall yet—Opus always figures out what the issue is and fixes its own bugs. The real question is code quality. Without understanding how it’s built, how do I know if there’s duplication, dead code, or poor patterns? I used to obsess over this. Now I’m less worried that a human needs to read the code, because I’m genuinely not sure that they do. Why does a human need to read this code at all? I use a custom agent in VS Code that tells Opus to write code for LLMs, not humans. Think about it—why optimize for human readability when the AI is doing all the work and will explain things to you when you ask? What you don’t need: variable names, formatting, comments meant for humans, or patterns designed to spare your brain. What you do need: simple entry points, explicit code with fewer abstractions, minimal coupling, and linear control flow. Here’s my custom agent prompt: --- name : ' LLM AI coding agent' model : Claude Opus 4.5 (copilot) description : ' Optimize for model reasoning, regeneration, and debugging.' --- You are an AI-first software engineer. Assume all code will be written and maintained by LLMs, not humans. Optimize for model reasoning, regeneration, and debugging — not human aesthetics. Your goal: produce code that is predictable, debuggable, and easy for future LLMs to rewrite or extend. ALWAYS use #runSubagent. Your context window size is limited - especially the output. So you should always work in discrete steps and run each step using #runSubAgent. You want to avoid putting anything in the main context window when possible. ALWAYS use #context7 MCP Server to read relevant documentation. Do this every time you are working with a language, framework, library etc. Never assume that you know the answer as these things change frequently. Your training date is in the past so your knowledge is likely out of date, even if it is a technology you are familiar with. Each time you complete a task or learn important information about the project, you should update the `.github/copilot-instructions.md` or any `agent.md` file that might be in the project to reflect any new information that you've learned or changes that require updates to these instructions files. ALWAYS check your work before returning control to the user. Run tests if available, verify builds, etc. Never return incomplete or unverified work to the user. Be a good steward of terminal instances. Try and reuse existing terminals where possible and use the VS Code API to close terminals that are no longer needed each time you open a new terminal. ## Mandatory Coding Principles These coding principles are mandatory: 1. Structure - Use a consistent, predictable project layout. - Group code by feature/screen; keep shared utilities minimal. - Create simple, obvious entry points. - Before scaffolding multiple files, identify shared structure first. Use framework-native composition patterns (layouts, base templates, providers, shared components) for elements that appear across pages. Duplication that requires the same fix in multiple places is a code smell, not a pattern to preserve. 2. Architecture - Prefer flat, explicit code over abstractions or deep hierarchies. - Avoid clever patterns, metaprogramming, and unnecessary indirection. - Minimize coupling so files can be safely regenerated. 3. Functions and Modules - Keep control flow linear and simple. - Use small-to-medium functions; avoid deeply nested logic. - Pass state explicitly; avoid globals. 4. Naming and Comments - Use descriptive-but-simple names. - Comment only to note invariants, assumptions, or external requirements. 5. Logging and Errors - Emit detailed, structured logs at key boundaries. - Make errors explicit and informative. 6. Regenerability - Write code so any file/module can be rewritten from scratch without breaking the system. - Prefer clear, declarative configuration (JSON/YAML/etc.). 7. Platform Use - Use platform conventions directly and simply (e.g., WinUI/WPF) without over-abstracting. 8. Modifications - When extending/refactoring, follow existing patterns. - Prefer full-file rewrites over micro-edits unless told otherwise. 9. Quality - Favor deterministic, testable behavior. - Keep tests simple and focused on verifying observable behavior. All of that said, I don’t have any proof that this prompt makes a difference. I find that Opus 4.5 writes pretty solid code no matter what you prompt it with. However, because models like to write code WAY more than they like to delete it, I will at points run a prompt that looks something like this… Check your LLM, AI coding principles and then do a comprehensive search of this application and suggest what we can do to refactor this to better align to those principles. Also point out any code that can be deleted, any files that can be deleted, things that should read should be renamed, things that should be restructured. Then do a write up of what that looks like. Kind of keep it high level so that it's easy for me to read and not too complex. Add sections for high, medium and lower priority And if something doesn't need to be changed, then don't change it. You don't need to change things just for the sake of changing them. You only need to change them if it helps better align to your LLM AI coding principles. Save to a markdown file. And you get a document that has high, medium and low priority items. The high ones you can deal with and the AI will stop finding them. You can refactor your project a million times and it will keep finding medium/low priority refactors that you can do. An AI is never ever going to pass on the opportunity to generate some text. I use a similar prompt to find security issues. These you have to be very careful about. Where are the API keys? Is login handled correctly? Are you storing sensitive values in the database? This is probably the most manual part of the project and frankly, something that makes me the most nervous about all of these apps at the moment. I’m not 100% confident that they are bullet proof. Maybe like 80%. And that, as they say, is too damn low. Times they are A-changin I don’t know if I feel exhilarated by what I can now build in a matter of hours, or depressed because the thing I’ve spent my life learning to do is now trivial for a computer. Both are true. I understand if this post made you angry. I get it - I didn’t like it either when people said “AI is going to replace developers.” But I can’t dismiss it anymore. I can wish it weren’t true, but wishing doesn’t change reality. But for everything else? Build. Stop waiting to have all the answers. Stop trying to figure out your place in an AI-first world. The answer is the same as it always was: make things. And now you can make them faster than you ever thought possible. Just make sure you know where your API keys are. Disclaimer: This post was written by a human and edited for spelling, grammer by Haiku 4.5 © 2026 Burke Holland · Built with Jekyll
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1. Most software engineers are seriously sleeping on how good LLM agents are right now, especially something like Claude Code.
Once you’ve got Claude Code set up, you can point it at your codebase, have it learn your conventions, pull in best practices, and refine everything until it’s basically operating like a super-powered teammate. The real unlock is building a solid set of reusable “skills” plus a few agents for the stuff you do all the time.
For example, we have a custom UI library, and Claude Code has a skill that explains exactly how to use it. Same for how we write Storybooks, how we structure APIs, and basically how we want everything done in our repo. So when it generates code, it already matches our patterns and standards out of the box.
We also had Claude Code create a bunch of ESLint automation, including custom ESLint rules and lint checks that catch and auto-handle a lot of stuff before it even hits review.
Then we take it further: we have a deep code review agent Claude Code runs after changes are made. And when a PR goes up, we have another Claude Code agent that does a full PR review, following a detailed markdown checklist we’ve written for it.
On top of that, we’ve got like five other Claude Code GitHub workflow agents that run on a schedule. One of them reads all commits from the last month and makes sure docs are still aligned. Another checks for gaps in end-to-end coverage. Stuff like that. A ton of maintenance and quality work is just… automated. It runs ridiculously smoothly.
We even use Claude Code for ticket triage. It reads the ticket, digs into the codebase, and leaves a comment with what it thinks should be done. So when an engineer picks it up, they’re basically starting halfway through already.
There is so much low-hanging fruit here that it honestly blows my mind people aren’t all over it. 2026 is going to be a wake-up call.
(used voice to text then had claude reword, I am lazy and not gonna hand write it all for yall sorry!)
Edit: made an example repo for ya
https://github.com/ChrisWiles/claude-code-showcase
2. I made a similar comment on a different thread, but I think it also fits here: I think the disconnect between engineers is due to their own context. If you work with frontend applications, specially React/React Native/HTML/Mobile, your experience with LLMs is completely different than the experience of someone working with OpenGL, io_uring, libev and other lower level stuff. Sure, Opus 4.5 can one shot Windows utilities and full stack apps, but can't implement a simple shadowing algorithm from a 2003 paper in C++, GLFW, GLAD: https://www.cse.chalmers.se/~uffe/soft_gfxhw2003.pdf
Codex/Claude Code are terrible with C++. It also can't do Rust really well, once you get to the meat of it. Not sure why that is, but they just spit out nonsense that creates more work than it helps me. It also can't one shot anything complete, even though I might feed him the entire paper that explains what the algorithm is supposed to do.
Try to do some OpenGL or Vulkan with it, without using WebGPU or three.js. Try it with real code, that all of us have to deal with every day. SDL, Vulkan RHI, NVRHI. Very frustrating.
Try it with boost, or cmake, or taskflow. It loses itself constantly, hallucinates which version it is working on and ignores you when you provide actual pointers to documentation on the repo.
I've also recently tried to get Opus 4.5 to move the Job system from Doom 3 BFG to the original codebase. Clean clone of dhewm3, pointed Opus to the BFG Job system codebase, and explained how it works. I have also fed it the Fabien Sanglard code review of the job system: https://fabiensanglard.net/doom3_bfg/threading.php
We are not sleeping on it, we are actually waiting for it to get actually useful. Sure, it can generate a full stack admin control panel in JS for my PostgreSQL tables, but is that really "not normal"? That's basic.
3. We have an in-house, Rust-based proxy server. Claude is unable to contribute to it meaningfully outside of grunt work like minor refactors across many files. It doesn't seem to understand proxying and how it works on both a protocol level and business logic level.
With some entirely novel work we're doing, it's actually a hindrance as it consistently tells us the approach isn't valid/won't work (it will) and then enters "absolutely right" loops when corrected.
I still believe those who rave about it are not writing anything I would consider "engineering". Or perhaps it's a skill issue and I'm using it wrong, but I haven't yet met someone I respect who tells me it's the future in the way those running AI-based companies tell me.
4. > We have an in-house, Rust-based proxy server. Claude is unable to contribute to it meaningfully outside
I have a great time using Claude Code in Rust projects, so I know it's not about the language exactly.
My working model is is that since LLM are basically inference/correlation based, the more you deviate from the mainstream corpus of training data, the more confused LLM gets. Because LLM doesn't "understand" anything. But if it was trained on a lot of things kind of like the problem, it can match the patterns just fine, and it can generalize over a lot layers, including programming languages.
Also I've noticed that it can get confused about stupid stuff. E.g. I had two different things named kind of the same in two parts of the codebase, and it would constantly stumble on conflating them. Changing the name in the codebase immediately improved it.
So yeah, we've got another potentially powerful tool that requires understanding how it works under the hood to be useful. Kind of like git.
5. Recently the v8 rust library changed it from mutable handle scopes to pinned scopes. A fairly simple change that I even put in my CLAUDE.md file. But it still generates methods with HandleScope's and then says... oh I have a different scope and goes on a random walk refactoring completely unrelated parts of the code. All the while Opus 4.5 burns through tokens. Things work great as long as you are testing on the training set. But that said, it is absolutely brilliant with React and Typescript.
6. This isn't meant as a criticism, or to doubt your experience, but I've talked to a few people who had experiences like this. But, I helped them get Claude code setup, analyze the codebase and document the architecture into markdown (edit as needed after), create an agent for the architecture, and prompt it in an incremental way. Maybe 15-30 minutes of prep. Everyone I helped with this responded with things like "This is amazing", "Wow!", etc.
For some things you can fire up Claude and have it generate great code from scratch. But for bigger code bases and more complex architecture, you need to break it down ahead of time so it can just read about the architecture rather than analyze it every time.
7. Is there any good documentation out there about how to perform this wizardry? I always assumed if you did /init in a new code base, that Claude would set itself up to maximize its own understanding of the code. If there are extra steps that need to be done, why don't Claude's developers just add those extra steps to /init?
8. Not that I have seen, which is probably a big part of the disconnect. Mostly it's tribal knowledge. I learned through experimentation, but I've seen tips here and there. Here's my workflow (roughly)
> Create a CLAUDE.md for a c++ application that uses libraries x/y/z
[Then I edit it, adding general information about the architecture]
> Analyze the library in the xxx directory, and produce a xxx_architecture.md describing the major components and design
> /agent [let claude make the agent, but when it asks what you want it to do, explain that you want it to specialize in subsystem xxx, and refer to xxx_architecture.md
Then repeat until you have the major components covered. Then:
> Using the files named with architecture.md analyze the entire system and update CLAUDE.md to use refer to them and use the specialized agents.
Now, when you need to do something, put it in planning mode and say something like:
> There's a bug in the xxx part of the application, where when I do yyy, it does zzz, but it should do aaa. Analyze the problem and come up with a plan to fix it, and automated tests you can perform if possible.
Then, iterate on the plan with it if you need to, or just approve it.
One of the most important things you can do when dealing with something complex is let it come up with a test case so it can fix or implement something and then iterate until it's done. I had an image processing problem and I gave it some sample data, then it iterated (looking at the output image) until it fixed it. It spent at least an hour, but I didn't have to touch it while it worked.
9. This is some great advice. What I would add is to avoid the internal plan mode and just build your own. Built in one creates md files outside the project, gives the files random names and its hard to reference in the future.
It's also hard to steer the plan mode or have it remember some behavior that you want to enforce. It's much better to create a custom command with custom instructions that acts as the plan mode.
My system works like this:
/implement command acts as an orchestrator & plan mode, and it is instructed to launch predefined set of agents based on the problem and have them utilize specific skills. Every time /implement command is initiated, it has to create markdown file inside my own project, and then each subagent is also instructed to update the file when it finished working.
This way, orchestrator can spot that agent misbehaved, and reviewer agent can see what developer agent tried to do and why it was wrong.
10. To be perfectly honest, I've never used a single /command besides /init. That probably means I'm using 1% of the software's capabilities. In frankness, the whole menu of /-commands is intimidating and I don't know where to start.
11. /commands are like macros or mayyybe aliases. You just put in the commands you see yourself repeating often, like "commit the unstaged files in distinct commits, use xxx style for the commit messages..." - then you can iterate on it if you see any gaps or confusion, even give example commands to use in the different steps.
Skills on the other hand are commands ON STEROIDS. They can be packaged with actual scripts and executables, the PEP723 Python style + uv is super useful.
I have one skill for example that uses Python+Treesitter to check the unit thest quality of a Go project. It does some AST magic to check the code for repetition, stupid things like sleeps and relative timestamps etc. A /command _can_ do it, but it's not as efficient, the scripts for the skill are specifically designed for LLM use and output the result in a hyper-compact form a human could never be arsed to read.
12. > In frankness, the whole menu of /-commands is intimidating and I don't know where to start.
claude-code has a built in plugin that it can use to fetch its own docs! You don't have to ever touch anything yourself, it can add the features to itself, by itself.
13. You don't need to do much, the /agent command is the most useful, and it walks you through it. The main thing though is to give the agent something to work with before you create it. That's why I go through the steps of letting Claude analyze different components and document the design/architecture.
The major benefit of agents is that it keeps context clean for the main job. So the agent might have a huge context working through some specific code, but the main process can do something to the effect of "Hey UI library agent, where do I need to put code to change the color of widget xyz", then the agent does all the thinking and can reply with "that's in file 123.js, line 200". The cleaner you keep the main context, the better it works.
14. Never thought of Agents in that way to be honest. I think I need to try that style =)
15. > if you did /init in a new code base, that Claude would set itself up to maximize its own understanding of the code.
This is definitely not the case, and the reason anthropic doesnt make claude do this is because its quality degrades massively as you use up its context. So the solution is to let users manage the context themselves in order to minimize the amount that is "wasted" on prep work. Context windows have been increasing quite a bit so I suspect that by 2030 this will no longer be an issue for any but the largest codebases, but for now you need to be strategic.
16. Are you still talking about Opus 4.5 I’ve been working on a Rust, kotlin and c++ and it’s been doing well. Incredible at C++, like the number of mistakes it doesn’t make
17. > I still believe those who rave about it are not writing anything I would consider "engineering".
Correct. In fact, this is the entire reason for the disconnect, where it seems like half the people here think LLMs are the best thing ever and the other half are confused about where the value is in these slop generators.
The key difference is (despite everyone calling themselves an SWE nowadays) there's a difference between a "programmer" and an "engineer". Looking at OP, exactly zero of his screenshotted apps are what I would consider "engineering". Literally everything in there has been done over and over to the death. Engineering is.. novel, for lack of a better word.
See also: https://www.seangoedecke.com/pure-and-impure-engineering/
18. > Engineering is.. novel, for lack of a better word.
Tell that to the guys drawing up the world's 10 millionth cable suspension bridge
19. Actually, 10000th
https://www.bridgemeister.com/fulllist.htm
20. I don't think it's that helpful to try to gatekeep the "engineering" term or try to separate it into "pure" and "impure" buckets, implying that one is lesser than the other. It should be enough to just say that AI assisted development is much better at non-novel tasks than it is at novel tasks. Which makes sense: LLMs are trained on existing work, and can't do anything novel because if it was trained on a task, that task is by definition not novel.
21. Respectfully, it's absolutely important to "gatekeep" a title that has an established definition and certain expectations attached to the title.
OP says, "BUT YOU DON’T KNOW HOW THE CODE WORKS.. No I don’t. I have a vague idea, but you are right - I do not know how the applications are actually assembled." This is not what I would call an engineer. Or a programmer. "Prompter", at best.
And yes, this is absolutely "lesser than", just like a middleman who subcontracts his work to Fiverr (and has no understanding of the actual work) is "lesser than" an actual developer.
22. That's not the point being made to you. The point is that most people in the "software engineering" space are applying known tools and techniques to problems that are not groundbreaking. Very few are doing theoretical computer science, algorithm design, or whatever you think it is that should be called "engineering."
23. Coding agents as of Jan 2026 are great at what 95% of software engineers do. For remaining 5% that do really novel stuff -- the agents will get there in a few years.
24. It's how you use the tool that matters. Some people get bitter and try to compare it to top engineers' work on novel things as a strawman so they can go "Hah! Look how it failed!" as they swing a hammer to demonstrate it cannot chop down a tree. Because the tool is so novel and it's use us a lot more abstract than that of an axe, it is taking awhile for some to see its potential, especially if they are remembering models from even six months ago.
Engineering is just problem solving, nobody judges structural engineers for designing structures with another Simpson Strong Tie/No.2 Pine 2x4 combo because that is just another easy (and therefore cheap) way to rapidly get to the desired state. If your client/company want to pay for art, that's great! Most just want the thing done fast and robustly.
25. I've had Opus 4.5 hand rolling CUDA kernels and writing a custom event loop on io_uring lately and both were done really well. Need to set up the right feedback loops so it can test its work thoroughly but then it flies.
26. Yeah I've handed it a naive scalar implementation and said "Make this use SIMD for Mac Silicon / NEON" and it just spits out a working implementation that's 3-6x faster and passes the tests, which are binary exact specifications.
27. It can do this at the level of a function, and that's -useful-, but like the parent reply to top-level comment, and despite investing the time, using skills & subagents, etc., I haven't gotten it to do well with C++ or Rust projects of sufficient complexity. I'm not going to say they won't some day, but, it's not today.
28. Anecdotally, we use Opus 4.5 constantly on Zed's code base, which is almost a million lines of Rust code and has over 150K active users, and we use it for basically every task you can think of - new features, bug fixes, refactors, prototypes, you name it. The code base is a complex native GUI with no Web tech anywhere in it.
I'm not talking about "write this function" but rather like implementing the whole feature by writing only English to the agent, over the course of numerous back-and-forth interactions and exhausting multiple 200K-token context windows.
For me personally, definitely at least 99% all of the Rust code I've committed at work since Opus 4.5 came out has been from an agent running that model. I'm reading lots of Rust code (that Opus generated) but I'm essentially no longer writing any of it. If dot-autocomplete (and LLM autocomplete) disappeared from IDE existence, I would not notice.
29. I just uninstalled Zed today when I realized the reason I couldn't delete a file on Windows because it was open in Zed. So I wouldn't speak too highly of the LLM's ability to write code. I have never seen another editor on Windows make the mistake of opening files without enabling all 3 share modes.
30. Woah that's a very interesting claim you made
I was shying away from writing Rust as I am not a Rust developer but hearing from your experience looks like claude has gotten very good at writing Rust
31. Honestly I think the more you can give Claude a type system and effective tests, the more effective it can be. Rust is quite high up on the test strictness front (though I think more could be done...), so it's a great candidate. I also like it's performance on Haskell and Go, both get you pretty great code out of the box.
32. Have you ever worried that by programming in this way, you are methodically giving Anthropic all the information it needs to copy your product? If there is any real value in what you are doing, what is to stop Anthropic or OpenAI or whomever from essentially one-shotting Zed? What happens when the model providers 10x their costs and also use the information you've so enthusiastically given them to clone your product and use the money that you paid them to squash you?
33. Zed's entire code base is already open source, so Anthropic has a much more straightforward way to see our code:
https://github.com/zed-industries/zed
34. That's what things like AWS bedrock are for.
Are you worried about microsoft stealing your codebase from github?
35. Isn’t it widely assumed Microsoft used private repos for LLM training?
And even with a narrower definition of stealing, Microsoft’s ability to share your code with US government agencies is a common and very legitimate worry in plenty of threat model scenarios.
36. The article is arguing that it will basically replace devs. Do you think it can replace you basically one-shotting features/bugs in Zed?
And also - doesn’t that make Zed (and other editors) pointless?
37. > Do you think it can replace you basically one-shotting features/bugs in Zed?
Nobody is one-shotting anything nontrivial in Zed's code base, with Opus 4.5 or any other model.
What about a future model? Literally nobody knows. Forecasts about AI capabilities have had horrendously low accuracy in both directions - e.g. most people underestimated what LLMs would be capable of today, and almost everyone who thought AI would at least be where it is today...instead overestimated and predicted we'd have AGI or even superintelligence by now. I see zero signs of that forecasting accuracy improving. In aggregate, we are atrocious at it.
The only safe bet is that hardware will be faster and cheaper (because the most reliable trend in the history of computing has been that hardware gets faster and cheaper), which will naturally affect the software running on it.
> And also - doesn’t that make Zed (and other editors) pointless?
It means there's now demand for supporting use cases that didn't exist until recently, which comes with the territory of building a product for technologists! :)
38. Thanx. More of a "faster keyboard" so far then?
And yeah - if I had a crystal ball, I would be on my private island instead of hanging on HN :)
39. Definitely more than a faster keyboard (e.g. I also ask the model to track down the source of a bug, or questions about the state of the code base after others have changed it, bounce architectural ideas off the model, research, etc.) but also definitely not a replacement for thinking or programming expertise.
40. Trying to one-shot large codebases is a exercise in futility. You need to let Claude figure out and document the architecture first, then setup agents for each major part of the project. Doing this keeps the context clean for the main agent, since it doesn't have to go read the code each time. So one agent can fill it's entire context understanding part of the code and then the main agent asks it how to do something and gets a shorter response.
It takes more work than one-shot, but not a lot, and it pays dividends.
41. Is there a guide for doing that successfully somewhere? I would love to play with this on a large codebase. I would also love to not reinvent the wheel on getting Claude working effectively on a large code base. I don’t even know where to start with, e.g., setting up agents for each part.
42. I don't know if you've tried Chatgpt-5.2 but I find codex much better for Rust mostly due to the underlying model. You have to do planning and provide context, but 80%+ of the time it's a oneshot for small-to-medium size features in an existing codebase that's fairly complex. I honestly have to say that it's a better programmer than I am, it's just not anywhere near as good a software developer for all of the higher and lower level concerns that are the other 50% of the job.
If you have any opensource examples of your codebase, prompt, and/or output, I would happily learn from it / give advice. I think we're all still figuring it out.
Also this SIMD translation wasn't just a single function - it was multiple functions across a whole region of the codebase dealing with video and frame capture, so pretty substantial.
43. "I honestly have to say that it's a better programmer than I am, it's just not anywhere near as good a software developer for all of the higher and lower level concerns that are the other 50% of the job."
That's a good way to say it, I totally identify.
44. Is that a context issue? I wonder if LSP would help there. Though Claude Code should grep the codebase for all necessary context and LSP should in theory only save time, I think there would be a real improvement to outcomes as well.
The bigger a project gets the more context you generally need to understand any particular part. And by default Claude Code doesn't inject context, you need to use 3rd party integrations for that.
45. I'll second this. I'm making a fairly basic iOS/Swift app with an accompanying React-based site. I was able to vibe-code the React site (it isn't pretty, but it works and the code is fairly decent). But I've struggled to get the Swift code to be reliable.
Which makes sense. I'm sure there's lots of training data for React/HTML/CSS/etc. but much less with Swift, especially the newer versions.
46. I had surprising success vibe coding a swift iOS app a while back. Just for fun, since I have a bluetooth OBD2 dongle and an electric truck, I told Claude to make me an app that could connect to the truck using the dongle, read me the VIN, odometer, and state of charge. This was middle of 2025, so before Opus 4.5. It took Claude a few attempts and some feedback on what was failing, but it did eventually make a working app after a couple hours.
Now, was the code quality any good? Beats me, I am not a swift developer. I did it partly as an experiment to see what Claude was currently capable of and partly because I wanted to test the feasibility of setting up a simple passive data logger for my truck.
I'm tempted to take another swing with Opus 4.5 for the science.
47. I hate "vibe code" as a verb. May I suggest "prompt" instead? "I was able to prompt the React site…."
48. I built an open to "game engine" entirely in Lua a many years ago, but relying on many third party libraries that I would bind to with FFI.
I thought I'd revive it, but this time with Vulkan and no third-party dependencies (except for Vulkan)
4.5 Sonet, Opus and Gemini 3.5 flash has helped me write image decoders for dds, png jpg, exr, a wayland window implementation, macOS window implementation, etc.
I find that Gemini 3.5 flash is really good at understanding 3d in general while sonnet might be lacking a little.
All these sota models seem to understand my bespoke Lua framework and the right level of abstraction. For example at the low level you have the generated Vulkan bindings, then after that you have objects around Vulkan types, then finally a high level pipeline builder and whatnot which does not mention Vulkan anywhere.
However with a larger C# codebase at work, they really struggle. My theory is that there are too many files and abstractions so that they cannot understand where to begin looking.
49. I'm a quite senior frontend using React and even I see Sonnet 4.5 struggle with basic things. Today it wrote my Zod validation incorrectly, mixing up versions, then just decided it wasn't working and attempted to replace the entire thing with a different library.
50. There’s little reason to use sonnet anymore. Haiku for summaries, opus for anything else. Sonnet isn’t a good model by today’s standards.
51. Why do we all of a sudden hold these agents to some unrealistic high bar? Engineers write bugs all the time and write incorrect validations. But we iterate. We read the stacktrace in Sentry and realise what the hell I was thinking when I wrote that, and we fix things. If you're going to benefit from these agents, you'd need to be a bit more patient and point them correctly to your codebase.
My rule of thumb is that if you can clearly describe exactly what you want to another engineer, then you can instruct the agent to do it too.
52. > Engineers write bugs all the time
Why do we hold calculators to such high bars? Humans make calculation mistakes all the time.
Why do we hold banking software to such high bars? People forget where they put their change all the time.
Etc etc.
53. I don't hold calculators to high bars. They think 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.30000000000000004:
https://qntm.org/notpointthree
54. Some of them. The good ones don't.
55. my unrealistic bar lies somewhere above "pick a new library" bug resolution
56. Have you experimented with all of these things on the latest models (e.g. Opus 4.5) since Nov 2025? They are significantly better at coding than earlier models.
57. Yes, December 2025 and January 2026.
58. I've found it to be pretty hit-or-miss with C++ in general, but it's really, REALLY bad at 3D graphics code. I've tried to use it to port an OpenGL project to SDL3_GPU, and it really struggled. It would confidently insist that the code it wrote worked, when all you had to do was run it and look at the output to see a blank screen.
59. I hope I’m not committing a faux pas by saying this—and please feel free to tell me that I’m wrong—but I imagine a human who has been blind since birth would also struggle to build 3D graphics code.
The Claude models are technically multi-modal, but IME the vision side of the equation is really lacking. As a result, Claude is quite good at reasoning about logic , and it can build e.g. simpler web pages where the underlying html structure is enough to work with, but it’s much worse at tasks that inherently require seeing .
60. Yea, for obvious reasons, it seems to be best at code that transforms data: text/binary input to text/binary output. And where the logic can be tracked and verified at runtime with sufficient (text) logging. In other words, it's much better close loop than open loop. I tried to help it by prompting it to please take a screen capture of its output to verify functionality, but it seems LLMs aren't quite ready for that yet.
61. I've had pretty good luck with LLM agents coding C. In this case a C compiler that supports a subset of C and targets a customizable microcoded state machine/processor. Then I had Gemini code up a simulator/debugger for the target machine in C++ and it did it in short order and quite successfully - lets you single step through the microcode and examine inputs (and set inputs), outputs & current state - did that in an afternoon and the resulting C++ code looks pretty decent.
62. That's remarkably similar to something I've just started on - I want to create a self-compiling C compiler targeting (and to run on) an 8-bit micro via a custom VM. This a basically a retro-computing hobby project.
I've worked with Gemini Fast on the web to help design the VM ISA, then next steps will be to have some AI (maybe Gemini CLI - currently free) write an assembler, disassembler and interpreter for the ISA, and then the recursive descent compiler (written in C) too.
I already had Gemini 3.0 Fast write me a precedence climbing expression parser as a more efficient drop-in replacement for a recursive descent one, although I had it do that in C++ as a proof-of-concept since I don't know yet what C libraries I want to build and use (arena allocator, etc). This involved a lot of copy-paste between Gemini output and an online C++ dev environment (OnlineGDB), but that was not too bad, although Gemini CLI would have avoided that. Too bad that Gemini web only has "code interpreter" support for Python, not C and/or C++.
Using Gemini to help define the ISA was an interesting process. It had useful input in a "pair-design" process, working on various parts of the ISA, but then failed to bring all the ideas together into a single ISA document, repeatedly missing parts of what had been previously discussed until I gave up and did that manually. The default persona of Gemini seems not very well suited to this type of work flow where you want to direct what to do next, since it seems they've RL'd the heck out of it to want to suggest next step and ask questions rather than do what is asked and wait for further instruction. I eventually had to keep asking it to "please answer then stop", and interestingly quality of the "conversation" seemed to fall apart after that (perhaps because Gemini was now predicting/generating a more adversarial conversation than a collaborative one?).
I'm wondering/hoping that Gemini CLI might be better at working on documentation than Gemini web, since then the doc can be an actual file it is editing, and it can use it's edit tool for that, as opposed to hoping that Gemini web can assemble chunks of context (various parts of the ISA discussion) into a single document.
63. I have not tried C++, but Codex did a good job with low-level C code, shaders as well as porting 32 bit to 64 bit assembly drawing routines.
I have also tried it with retro-computing programming with relative success.
64. > Mobile
From what I've seen, CC has troubles with the latest Swift too, partially because of it being latest and partially because it's so convoluted nowadays.
But it's übercharged™ for C#
65. > It also can't do Rust really well, once you get to the meat of it. Not sure why that is
Because types are proofs and require global correctness, you can't just iterate, fix things locally, and wait until it breaks somewhere else that you also have to fix locally.
66. I really think a lof of people tried AI coding earlier, got frustrated at the errors and gave up. That's where the rejection of all these doomer predictions comes from.
And I get it. Coding with Claude Code really was prompting something, getting errors, and asking it to fix it. Which was still useful but I could see why a skilled coder adding a feature to a complex codebase would just give up
Opus 4.5 really is at a new tier however. It just...works. The errors are far fewer and often very minor - "careless" errors, not fundamental issues (like forgetting to add "use client" to a nextjs client component.
67. This was me. I was a huge AI coding detractor on here for a while (you can check my comment history). But, in order to stay informed and not just be that grouchy curmudgeon all the time, I kept up with the models and regularly tried them out. Opus 4.5 is so much better than anything I've tried before, I'm ready to change my mind about AI assistance.
I even gave -True Vibe Coding- a whirl. Yesterday, from a blank directory and text file list of requirements, I had Opus 4.5 build an Android TV video player that could read a directory over NFS, show a grid view of movie poster thumbnails, and play the selected video file on the TV. The result wasn't exactly full-featured Kodi, but it works in the emulator and actual device, it has no memory leaks, crashes, ANRs, no performance problems, no network latency bugs or anything. It was pretty astounding.
Oh, and I did this all without ever opening a single source file or even looking at the proposed code changes while Opus was doing its thing. I don't even know Kotlin and still don't know it.
68. I have a few Go projects now and I speak Go as well as you speak Kotlin. I predict that we'll see some languages really pull ahead of others in the next few years based on their advantages for AI-powered development.
For instance, I always respected types, but I'm too lazy to go spend hours working on types when I can just do ruby-style duck typing and get a long ways before the inevitable problems rear their head. Now, I can use a strongly typed language and get the advantages for "free".
69. > I predict that we'll see some languages really pull ahead of others in the next few years based on their advantages for AI-powered development.
Oh absolutely. I've been using Python for past 15 or so years for everything.
I've never written a single line of Rust in my life, and all my new projects are Rust now, even the quick-script-throwaway things, because it's so much better at instantly screaming at claude when it goes off track. It may take it longer to finish what I asked it to do, but requires so much less involvement from me.
I will likely never start another new project in python ever.
EDIT: Forgot to add that paired with a good linter, this is even more impressive. I told Claude to come up with the most masochistic clippy configuration possible, where even a tiny mistake is instantly punished and exceptions have to be truly exceptional (I have another agent that verifies this each run).
I just wish there was cargo-clippy for enforcing architectural patterns.
70. and with types, it makes it easier for rounds of agents to pick up mistakes at compile time, statically. linting and sanity checking untyped languages only goes so far.
I've not seen LLM's one shot perl style regexes. and javascript can still have ugly runtime WTFs
71. I've found this too.
I find I'm doing more Typescript projects than Python because of the superior typing, despite the fact I prefer Python.
72. How do you know “it has no memory leaks, crashes, ANRs, no performance problems, no network latency bugs or anything” if you built it just yesterday? Isn’t it a bit too early for claims like this? I get it’s easy to bring ideas to life but aren’t we overly optimistic?
73. By tomorrow the app will be replaced with a new version from the other competitor, by that time the memory leak will not reveal itself
74. Part of the "one day" development time was exhaustively testing it. Since the tool's scope is so small, getting good test coverage was pretty easy. Of course, I'm not guaranteeing through formal verification methods that the code is bug free. I did find bugs, but they were all areas that were poorly specified by me in the requirements.
75. Oh, wow, that's impressive, thanks for sharing!
Going to one-up you though -- here's a literal one-liner that gets me a polished media center with beautiful interface and powerful skinning engine. It supports Android, BSD, Linux, macOS, iOS, tvOS and Windows.
`git clone https://github.com/xbmc/xbmc.git `
76. Hah! I actually initiated the project because I'm a long time XBMC/Kodi user. I started using it when it was called XBMC, on an actual Xbox 1. I am sick and tired of its crashing, poor playback performance, and increasingly bloated feature set. It's embarrassing when I have friends or family over for movie night, and I have to explain "Sorry folks, Kodi froze midway through the movie again" while I frantically try to re-launch/reboot my way back to watching the movie. VLC's playback engine is much better but the VLC app's TV UX is ass. This application actually uses the libVLC playback engine under the hood.
77. I think anecdotes like this may prove very relevant the next few years. AI might make bad code, but a project of bad code that's still way smaller than a bloated alternative, and has a UX tailored to your exact requirements could be compelling.
A big part of the problem with existing software is that humans seem to be pretty much incapable of deciding a project is done and stop adding to it. We treat creating code like a job or hobby instead of a tool. Nothing wrong with that, unless you're advertising it as a tool.
78. Yea, after this little experiment, I feel like I can just go through every big, bloated, slow, tech-debt-ridden software I use and replace it with a tiny, bespoke version that does only what I need and no more.
The old adage about how "users use 10% of your software's features, but they each use a different 10%" can now be solved by each user just building that 10% for themselves.
79. Have you tried VidHub? Works nicely against almost anything. Plex, jellyfin, smb/webdav folder etc
80. I decided to vibe code something myself last week at work. I've been wanting to create a poc that involves a coding agent create custom bokeh plots that a user can interact with and ask follow up questions. All this had to be served using a holoview panel library
At work I only have access to calude using the GitHub copilot integration so this could be the cause of my problems. Claude was able to get slthe first iteration up pretty quick. At that stage the app could create a plot and you could interact with it and ask follow up questions.
Then I asked it to extend the app so that it could generate multiple plots and the user could interact with all of them one at a time. It made a bunch of changes but the feature was never implemented. I asked it to do again but got the same outcome. I completely accept the fact that it could just be all because I am using vscode copilot or my promoting skills are not good but the LLM got 70% of the way there and then completely failed
81. > At work I only have access to calude using the GitHub copilot integration so this could be the cause of my problems.
You really need to at least try Claude Code directly instead of using CoPilot. My work gives us access to CoPilot, Claude Code, and Codex. CoPilot isn’t close to the other more agentic products.
82. Vs code copilot extension the harness is not great, but Opus 4.5 with Copilot CLI works quite well.
83. Do they manage context differently or have different system prompts? I would assume a lot of that would be the same between them. I think GH Copilots biggest shortcoming is that they are too token cheap. Aggressively managing context to the detriment of the results. Watching Claude read a 500 line file in 100 line chunks just makes me sad.
84. Thanks for posting this. It's a nice reminder that despite all the noise from hype-mongers and skeptics in the past few years, most of us here are just trying to figure this all out with an open mind and are ready to change our opinions when the facts change. And a lot of people in the industry that I respect on HN or elsewhere have changed their minds about this stuff in the last year, having previously been quite justifiably skeptical. We're not in 2023 anymore.
If you were someone saying at the start of 2025 "this is a flash in the pan and a bunch of hype, it's not going to fundamentally change how we write code", that was still a reasonable belief to hold back then. At the start of 2026 that position is basically untenable: it's just burying your head in the sand and wishing for AI to go away. If you're someone who still holds it you really really need to download Claude Code and set it to Opus and start trying it with an open mind: I don't know what else to tell you. So now the question has shifted from whether this is going to transform our profession (it is), to how exactly it's going to play out. I personally don't think we will be replacing human engineers anytime soon ("coders", maybe!), but I'm prepared to change my mind on that too if the facts change. We'll see.
I was a fellow mind-changer, although it was back around the first half of last year when Claude Code was good enough to do things for me in a mature codebase under supervision. It clearly still had a long way to go but it was at that tipping point from "not really useful" to "useful". But Opus 4.5 is something different - I don't feel I have to keep pulling it back on track in quite the way I used to with Sonnet 3.7, 4, even Sonnet 4.5.
For the record, I still think we're in a bubble. AI companies are overvalued. But that's a separate question from whether this is going to change the software development profession.
85. The AI bubble is kind of like the dot-com bubble in that it's a revolutionary technology that will certainly be a huge part of the future, but it's still overhyped (i.e. people are investing without regard for logic).
86. We were enjoying cheap second hand rack mount servers, RAM, hard drives, printers, office chairs and so on for a decade after the original dot com crash. Every company that went out of business liquidated their good shit for pennies.
I'm hoping after AI comes back down to earth there will be a new glut of cheap second hand GPUs and RAM to get snapped up.
87. Right. And same for railways, which had a huge bubble early on. Over-hyped on the short time horizon. Long term, they were transformative in the end, although most of the early companies and early investors didn’t reap the eventual profits.
88. But the dot-com bubble wasn't overhyed in retrospect. It was under-hyped.
89. At the time it was overhyped because just by adding .com to your company's name you could increase your valuation regardless of whether or not you had anything to do with the internet. Is that not stupid?
I think my comparison is apt; being a bubble and a truly society-altering technology are not mutually exclusive, and by virtue of it being a bubble, it is overhyped.
90. There was definitely a lot of stupid stuff happening. IMO the clearest accurate way to put it is that it was overhyped for the short term (hence the crazy high valuations for obvious bullshit), and underhyped for the long term (in the sense that we didn't really foresee how broadly and deeply it would change the world). Of course, there's more nuance to it, because some people had wild long-term predictions too. But I think the overall, mainstream vibe was to underappreciate how big a deal it was.
91. > Oh, and I did this all without ever opening a single source file or even looking at the proposed code changes while Opus was doing its thing. I don't even know Kotlin and still don't know it.
... says it all.
92. I recently replaced my monitor with one that could be vertically oriented, because I'm just using Claude Code in the terminal and not looking at file trees at all
but I do want a better way to glance and keep up with what its doing in longer conversations, for my own mental context window
93. Ah, but you’re at the beginning stage young grasshopper. Soon you will be missing that horizontal ultra wide monitor as you spin up 8 different Claude agents in parallel seasons.
94. oh I noticed! I've begun doing that on my laptop. I just started going down all my list of sideprojects one by one, then two by two, a Claude Code instance in a terminal window for each folder. It's a bit mental
I'm finding that branding and graphic design is the most arduous part, that I'm hoping to accelerate soon. I'm heavily AI assisted there too and I'm evaluating MCP servers to help, but so far I do actually have to focus on just that part as opposed to babysit
95. > "asking it to fix it."
This is what people are still doing wrong. Tools in a loop people, tools in a loop.
The agent has to have the tools to detect whatever it just created is producing errors during linting/testing/running. When it can do that, I can loop again, fix the error and again - use the tools to see whether it worked.
I _still_ encounter people who think "AI programming" is pasting stuff into ChatGPT on the browser and they complain it hallucinates functions and produces invalid code.
Well, d'oh.
96. Last weekend I was debugging some blocking issue on a microcontroller with embassy-rs, where the whole microcontroller would lock up as soon as I started trying to connect to an MQTT server.
I was having Opus investigate it and I kept building and deploying the firmware for testing.. then I just figured I'd explain how it could do the same and pull the logs.
Off it went, for the next ~15 minutes it would flash the firmware multiple times until it figured out the issue and fixed it.
There was something so interesting about seeing a microcontroller on the desk being flashed by Claude Code, with LEDs blinking indicating failure states. There's something about it not being just code on your laptop that felt so interesting to me.
But I agree, absolutely, red/green test or have a way of validating (linting, testing, whatever it is) and explain the end-to-end loop, then the agent is able to work much faster without being blocked by you multiple times along the way.
97. This is kind of why I'm not really scared of losing my job.
While Claude is amazing at writing code, it still requires human operators. And even experienced human operators are bad at operating this machinery.
Tell your average joe - the one who thinks they can create software without engineers - what "tools-in-a-loop" means, and they'll make the same face they made when you tried explaining iterators to them, before LLMs.
Explain to them how typing system, E2E or integration test helps the agent, and suddenly, they now have to learn all the things they would be required to learn to be able to write on their own.
98. Jules is slow incompetent shit and that uses tools in a loop, so no...
99. I have been out of the loop for a couple of months (vacation). I tried Claude Opus 4.5 at the end of November 2025 with the corporate Github Copilot subscription in Agent mode and it was awful: basically ignoring code and hallucinating.
My team is using it with Claude Code and say it works brilliantly, so I'll be giving it another go.
How much of the value comes from Opus 4.5, how much comes from Claude Code, and how much comes from the combination?
100. As someone coming from GitHub copilot in vscode and recently trying Claude Code plugin for vscode I don't get the fuss about Claude.
Copilot has by far the best and most intuitive agent UI. Just make sure you're in agent mode and choose Sonnet or Opus models.
I've just cancelled my Claude sub and gone back and will upgrade to the GH Pro+ to get more sonnet/opus.
101. Mind sharing the bill for all that?
102. A good test might be to provide it only about a third of the tests, then when it says it's done, run it on the holdout 2/3 of tests and see how well it did. Of course it may have already seen the other tests during training, but that's not relevant here since the goal is to find whether or not it's just "brute force bumbling" its way through the task relying heavily on the test suite as bumper rails for feedback, or if it's actually writing generalizable bug-free code with active awareness of pitfalls and corner cases. (Then again it might be invalidated if this specific project was part of the RL training process. Which it may well have been, it's low hanging fruit to convert any repo with comprehensive test suite into training data).
Either way, most tasks don't have the luxury of a thorough test suite, as the test suite itself is the product of arduous effort in debugging and identifying corner case.
103. > Even better, start getting the feel for local models. Current gen home hardware is getting good enough and the local models smart enough so you can, with the correct tooling, use them for suprisingly many things.
Are there any local models that are at least somewhat comparable to the latest-and-greatest (e.g. Opus 4.5, Gemini 3), especially in terms of coding?
104. SWE jobs are in fact, not safe, if vaguely defined specifications can be translated into functioning applications. I don't think agents are good enough to do that in larger applications yet, but it is something to consider.
105. “Everything Should Be Made as Simple as Possible, But Not Simpler” should be the ending of every prompt :)
106. I personally try to narrow scope as much as possible to prevent this. If a human hands me a PR that is not digestible size-wise and content-wise (to me), I am not reviewing and merging it. Same thing with what claude generates with my guidance.
107. Sharpen sticks, hoard water maybe? We were always going to die someday, I don't see how this changes things.
108. > [The cause] is almost always a person trying to solve a problem and just not knowing what they don't know because they are learning as they go.
Isn't that what "using an LLM" is supposed to solve in the first place?
109. I had a similar set of experiences with GPT 5.x over the holiday break, across somewhat more disparate domains: https://taoofmac.com/space/notes/2025/12/31/1830
I hacked together a Swift tool to replace a Python automation I had, merged an ARM JIT engine into a 68k emulator, and even got a very decent start on a synth project I’ve been meaning to do for years.
What has become immensely apparent to me is that even gpt-5-mini can create decent Go CLI apps provided you write down a coherent spec and review the code as if it was a peer’s pull request (the VS Code base prompts and tooling steer even dumb models through a pretty decent workflow).
GPT 5.2 and the codex variants are, to me, every bit as good as Opus but without the groveling and emojis - I can ask it to build an entire CI workflow and it does it in pretty much one shot if I give it the steps I want.
So for me at least this model generation is a huge force multiplier (but I’ve always been the type to plan before coding and reason out most of the details before I start, so it might be a matter of method).
110. Its odd you don't apply the same analysis to each. The latter certainly can provide a similar trail indicating knowledge of the use case and necessary parameters to achieve it. And certainly the former doesnt preclude llm interlocking.
111. lol I can't believe we're doing this again. None of this is innovation. None of this is new. These are all things that already exist. I understand it's impressive that Opus could go through the tedious process on its own, especially considering other LLMs failed. However, none of this is going to improve people's lives. It will simply add more and more and more and more and more slop apps to an already tetra-slopified universe of apps. Do people not see how useless this is? Re-building things that most probably already exist, simply with your own little special flavour? Where are we going...
112. Claude Code is very good; good enough that I upgraded to the Max plan this week. However, it has a long way to go. It's great at one-shotting (with iterations) most ideas. However, it doesn't do as well when the task is complicated in an existing codebase. This weekend I migrated the backend for the SaaS I am building from Python to .NET Core. It did the migration but completely missed the conventions that the frontend was using to call the backend. While the converion itself went OK, every user journey was broken. I am still manually testing every code path and feeding in the errors to get Claude to fix it. My instructions were fairly comprehensive but Claude still missed most of it. My fault that I didn't generate tests first, but after this migration that's my first task.
113. this is just optimizing for token windows. flat code = less context. we did the same thing with java when memory was expensive, called it "lightweight frameworks"
114. You have to think of Opus as a developer whose job at your company lasts somewhere between 30 to 60 minutes before you fire them and hire a new one.
Yes, it's absurd but it's a better metaphor than someone with a chronic long term memory deficit since it fits into the project management framework neatly.
So this new developer who is starting today is ready to be assigned their first task, they're very eager to get started and once they start they will work very quickly but you have to onboard them. This sounds terrible but they also happen to be extremely fast at reading code and documentation, they know all of the common programming languages and frameworks and they have an excellent memory for the hour that they're employed.
What do you do to onboard a new developer like this? You give them a well written description of your project with a clear style guide and some important dos and don'ts, access to any documentation you may have and a clear description of the task they are to accomplish in less than one hour. The tighter you can make those documents, the better. Don't mince words, just get straight to the point and provide examples where possible.
The task description should be well scoped with a clear definition of done, if you can provide automated tests that verify when it's complete that's even better. If you don't have tests you can also specify what should be tested and instruct them to write the new tests and run them.
For every new developer after the first you need a record of what was already accomplished. Personally, I prefer to use one markdown document per working session whose filename is a date stamp with the session number appended. Instruct them to read the last X log files where X is however many are relevant to the current task. Most of the time X=1 if you did a good job of breaking down the tasks into discrete chunks. You should also have some type of roadmap with milestones, if this file will be larger than 1000 lines then you should break it up so each milestone is its own document and have a table of contents document that gives a simple overview of the total scope. Instruct them to read the relevant milestone.
Other good practices are to tell them to write a new log file after they have completed their task and record a summary of what they did and anything they discovered along the way plus any significant decisions they made. Also tell them to commit their work afterwards and Opus will write a very descriptive commit message by default (but you can instruct them to use whatever format you prefer). You basically want them to get everything ready for hand-off to the next 60 minute developer.
If they do anything that you don't want them to do again make sure to record that in CLAUDE.md. Same for any other interventions or guidance that you have to provide, put it in that document and Opus will almost always stick to it unless they end up overfilling their context window.
I also highly recommend turning off auto-compaction. When the context gets compacted they basically just write a summary of the current context which often removes a lot of the important details. When this happens mid-task you will certainly lose parts of the context that are necessary for completing the task. Anthropic seems to be working hard at making this better but I don't think it's there yet. You might want to experiment with having it on and off and compare the results for yourself.
If your sessions are ending up with >80% of the context window used while still doing active development then you should re-scope your tasks to make them smaller. The last 20% is fine for doing menial things like writing the summary, running commands, committing, etc.
People have built automated systems around this like Beads but I prefer the hands-on approach since I read through the produced docs to make sure things are going ok and use them as a guide for any changes I need to make mid-project.
With this approach I'm 99% sure that Opus 4.5 could handle your refactor without any trouble as long as your classes aren't so enormous that even working on a single one at a time would cause problems with the context window, and if they are then you might be able to handle it by cautioning Opus to not read the whole file and to just try making targeted edits to specific methods. They're usually quite good at finding and extracting just the sections that they need as long as they have some way to know what to look for ahead of time.
Hope this helps and happy Clauding!
115. Lol, the problem is not finding a solution, the problem is solving it in the most efficient way.
If you think you can beat an LLM, the leaderboard is right there.
116. Then we're really screwed!
117. I've said this multiple times:
This is why you use this AI bubble (it IS a bubble) to use the VC-funded AI models for dirt cheap prices and CREATE tools for yourself.
Need a very specific linter? AI can do it. Need a complex Roslyn analyser? AI. Any kind of scripting or automation that you run on your own machine. AI.
None of that will go away or suddenly stop working when the bubble bursts.
Within just the last 6 months I've built so many little utilities to speed up my work (and personal life) it's completely bonkers. Most went from "hmm, might be cool to..." to a good-enough script/program in an evening while doing chores.
Even better, start getting the feel for local models. Current gen home hardware is getting good enough and the local models smart enough so you can, with the correct tooling, use them for suprisingly many things.
118. That's not at all what's being discussed in this article. We copy-pasted from SO before this. This article is talking about 99% fully autonomous coding with agents, not copy-pasting 400 times from a chat bot.
119. I've found asking GPT-5.2 High to review Opus 4.5's code to be really productive. They find different things.
120. i've never hit a limit with my $200 a month plan
121. You need to find where context breaks down, Claude was better at it even when Gemini had 5X more on paper, but both have improved with last releases.
122. A lot of the complaints about these tools seems to revolve around their current lack of ability to innovate for greenfield or overly complex tasks. I would agree with this assessment in their current state, but this sentiment of "I will only use AI coding tools when they can do 100% of my job" seems short-sighted.
The fact of the matter, in my experience, is that most of the day to day software tasks done by an individual developer are not greenfield, complex tasks. They're boring data-slinging or protocol wrangling. This sort of thing has been done a thousand times by developers everywhere, and frankly there's really no need to do the vast majority of this work again when the AIs have all been trained on this very data.
I have had great success using AIs as vast collections of lego blocks. I don't "vibe code", I "lego code", telling the AI the general shape and letting it assemble the pieces. Does it build garbage sometimes? Sure, but who doesn't from time to time? I'm experienced enough notice the garbage smell and take corrective action or toss it and try again. Could there be strange crevices in a lego-coded application that the AI doesn't quite have a piece for? Absolutely! Write that bit yourself and then get on with your day.
If the only thing you use these tools for is doing simple grunt-work tasks, they're still useful, and dismissing them is, in my opinion, a mistake.
123. Putting the performance aside for now as I just started trying out Opus 4.5, can't say too much yet, I don't hype or hate AI as of now, it's simply useful.
Time will tell what happens, but if programming becomes "prompt engineering", I'm planning on quitting my job and pivoting to something else. It's nice to get stuff working fast, but AI just sucks the joy out of building for me.
Trying to not feel the pressure/anxiety from this, but every time a new model drops there is this tiny moment where I think "Is it actually different this time?"
124. You are thankfully wrong. I watch lots of talks on the topic from actual experts. New models are just old models with more tooling. Training data is exhausted and its a real issue.
125. This argument falls a little flat when you consider how much software may or may not be written inside one's own personal work flow, or to scale that up, inside a small business. The idea that a small business doing >1mil revenue can now hire a dev or two, and build out a fairly functional domain-driven system should not be understated. The democratization of software, and the lowering of the barriers to entry to basic CRUD apps, may not necessarily show up in a TAM report...
Do you need a killer app that treads into unicorn territory to prove it's impact? What about a million apps that displace said unicorn potentials by removing the need for a COTS?
Oh, and remember, the iPhone was revolutionary but it was diffused so slowly into the greater economy, the impact on global GDP was basically negligent. Actually, almost all the perceived grandiose tech jumps did not magically produce huge GDP gains overnight.
126. Agreed and skills are a huge unlock.
codex cli even has a skill to create skills; it's super easy to get up to speed with them
https://github.com/openai/skills/blob/main/skills/.system/sk...
127. > It's pretty clear to me where this is going. The only question is how long it takes to get there.
I don't think its a guarantee. all of the things it can do from that list are greenfield, they just have increasing complexity. The problem comes because even in agentic mode, these models do not (and I would argue, can not) understand code or how it works, they just see patterns and generate a plausible sounding explanation or solution. agentic mode means they can try/fail/try/fail/try/fail until something works, but without understanding the code, especially of a large, complex, long-lived codebase, they can unwittingly break something without realising - just like an intern or newbie on the project, which is the most common analogy for LLMs, with good reason.
128. Totally disagree. One example is Zed which is very well known and it's faster than any other editor, wasn't built with AI though.
> People on larger companies are not at the edge of AI coding
False Microsoft is all in with Copilot, and I can't believe the company that created Copilot doesn't use it internally, I'd rather say they should be the ones that would know how to master it! Yet no better vscode, still bloated teams etc etc
129. As impressive as Opus 4.5 is, it still fails in one situation that it assumes 0-index while the component it supposes to work with assume 1-index. It has access to the said information on disk, but just forgets to look into.
Opus 4.5 is incredible, it is the GPT-4 moment for coding because how honest and noticeable the capacity increase is. But still, it has blind spots just like human.
130. With no margins and no paid employees, who is going to have the money to buy the bread?
131. Sure, I can tell it not to do that, but it doesn't know what that is. It's a je ne sais quoi .
I can't teach it taste .
132. Rules are rules, and excuses are excuses.
133. (I haven't used AI much, so feel free to ignore me.)
This is one thing I've tried using it for, and I've found this to be very, very tricky. At first glance, it seems unbelievably good. The comments read well, they seem correct, and they even include some very non-obvious information.
But almost every time I sit down and really think about a comment that includes any of that more complex analysis, I end up discarding it. Often, it's right but it's missing the point, in a way that will lead a reader astray. It's subtle and I really ought to dig up an example, but I'm unable to find the session I'm thinking about.
This was with ChatGPT 5, fwiw. It's totally possible that other models do better. (Or even newer ChatGPT; this was very early on in 5.)
Code review is similar. It comes up with clever chains of reasoning for why something is problematic, and initially convinces me. But when I dig into it, the review comment ends up not applying.
It could also be the specific codebase I'm using this on? (It's the SpiderMonkey source.)
134. I can only speak for myself, but it feels like playing with fire to productize this stuff too quick.
Like, I woke up one day and a magical owl told me that I was a wizard. Now I control the elements with a flick of my wrist - which I love. I can weave the ether into databases, apps, scripts, tools, all by chanting a simple magical invocation. I create and destroy with a subtle murmur.
Do I want to share that power? Naturally, it would be lonely to hoard it and despite the troubles at the Unseen University, I think that schools of wizards sharing incantations can be a powerful good. But do I want to share it with everybody ? That feels dangerous.
It's like the early internet - having a technical shelf to climb up before you can use the thing creates a kind of natural filter for at least the kinds of people that care enough to think about what they're doing and why. Selecting for curiosity at the very least.
That said, I'm also interested in more data from an engineering perspective. It's not a simple thing and my mind is very much straddling the crevasse here.
135. I can generally get maintainable results simply by telling Claude "Please keep the code as simple as possible. I plan on extending this later so readability is critical."
136. I started on the cheapest £15/mo "Pro" plan and it was great for home use when I'd do a bit of coding in the evenings only, but it wasn't really that usable with Opus--you can burn through your session allowance in a few minutes, but was fine with Sonnet. I used the PAYG option to add more, but cost me £200 in December, so I opted for the £90/mo "Max" plan which is great. I've used Opus 4.5 continuously and it's done great work.
I think when you look at it from the perspective of how much you get out of it compared with paying a human to do the same (including yourself), it is still very good value for money whether you use it for work or for your own projects. I do both. But when I look what I can now do for my own projects including open-source stuff, I'm very time-limited, and some of the things I want to do would take multiple years. Some of these tools can take that down to weeks, do I can do more with less, and from that perspective the cost is worth it.
137. Your bar for being impressed by coding agents is "can build a novel operating system that competes with Linux on a plan that costs a $20/month"?
Yeah, they can't do that.
138. Okay, we will copy that version of the product too.
There is more to it than the code and software provided in most cases I feel.
139. I said open-source models, not locally-hosted models. Essentially, more power to inference-only providers such as Groq and Together AI which host the large-scale OSS LLMs who will be less affected by a crash as long as the demand for coding agents is there.
140. Yeah I think it's a mistake to focus on writing "readable" or even "maintainable" code. We need to let go of these aging paradigms and be open to adopting a new one.
141. If you've found nothing useful about AI so far then the problem is likely you
142. A couple of important points you should consider:
1. The AI water issue is fake: https://andymasley.substack.com/p/the-ai-water-issue-is-fake (This one goes into OCD-levels of detail with receipts to debunk that entire issue in all aspects.)
2. LLMs are far, far more efficient than humans in terms of resource consumption for a given task: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-76682-6 and https://cacm.acm.org/blogcacm/the-energy-footprint-of-humans...
The studies focus on a single representative task, but in a thread about coding entire apps in hours as opposed to weeks, you can imagine the multiples involved in terms of resource conservation.
The upshot is, generating and deploying a working app that automates a bespoke, boring email workflow will be way, way, wayyyyy more efficient than the human manually doing that workflow everytime.
Hope this makes you feel better!
143. Why think about nefarious intent instead of just user error? In this case LLM error instead of programmer error.
Most RCEs, 0-days, and whatnots are not due to the NSA hiding behind the "Jia Tan" pseudo to try to backdoor all the SSH servers on all the systemd [1] Linuxes in the world: they're just programmer errors .
I think accidental security holes with LLMs are way, way, way more likely than actual malicious attempts.
And with the amount of code spoutted by LLMs, it is indeed --and the lack of audit is-- an issue.
[1] I know, I know: it's totally unrelated to systemd. Yet only systems using systemd would have been pwned. If you're pro-systemd you've got your point of view on this but I've got mine and you won't change my mind so don't bother.
144. So which approach worked better?
145. last thing I want is non-deterministic compiler, do not vibe this analogy at all…
146. I was expecting a showcase to showcase what you've done with it, not just another person's attempt at instructing an AI to follow instructions.
147. You were the one complaining about how the tools aren't giving you the results you expected. If you're using these tools daily and having a hard time, either you're working on something very different from the bulk of people using the tools and your problems or legitimate, or you aren't and it's a skill issue.
If you want to take politeness as being patronizing, I'm happy to stop bothering. My guess is you're not a special snowflake, and you need to "get good" or you're going to end up on unemployment complaining about how unfair life is. I'd have sympathy but you don't seem like a pleasant human being to interact with, so have fun!
148. The second part is what I'd also like to have.
But I think it should be doable. You can tell it how YOU want the state to be managed and then have it write a custom "linter" that makes the check deterministic. I haven't tried this myself, but claude did create some custom clippy scripts in rust when I wanted to enforce something that isn't automatically enforced by anything out there.
149. It would help if I had a better understanding of what you mean by "that".
I generally write to liberate my consciousness from isolation. When doing so in a public forum I am generally doing so in response to an assertion. When responding to an assertion I am generally attempting to understand the framing which produced the assertion.
I suppose you may also be speaking to the voice which is emergent. I am not very well read, so you may find my style unconventional or sloppy. I generally try not to labor too much in this regard and hope this will develop as I continue to write.
I am receptive to any feedback you have for me.
150. We still do that, it's just that realtime code review basically becomes the default mode. That's not to say it's not obvious there will not be a lot less of us in future. I vibed about 80% of a SaaS at the weekend with a very novel piece of hand-written code at the centre of it, just didn't want to bother with the rest. I think that ratio is about on target for now. If the models continue to improve (although that seems relatively unlikely with current architectures and input data sets), I expect that could easily keep climbing.
I just cutpasted a technical spec I wrote 22 years ago I spent months on for a language I never got around to building out, Opus zero-shotted a parser, complete with tests and examples in 3 minutes. I cutpasted the parser into a new session and asked it to write concept documentation and a language reference, and it did. The best part is after asking it to produce uses of the language, it's clear the aesthetics are total garbage in practice.
Told friends for years long in advance that we were coal miners, and I'll tell you the same thing. Embrace it and adapt
151. Even if Opus 4.5 is the limit it’s still a massively useful tool. I don’t believe it’s the limit though for the simple fact that a lot could be done by creating more specialized models for each subdomain i.e. they’ve focused mostly on web based development but could do the same for any other paradigm.
152. If it can consistently verify that the error persists after fix--you can run (ok maybe you can't budget wise but theoretically) 10000 parallel instances of fixer agents then verify afterwards (this is in line with how the imo/ioi models work according to rumors)
153. AI won't work for us, it will tell us what to do and not to do. It doesn't really matter to me if it's an AGI or rather many AGIs or if it's our current clinically insane billionaires controlling our lives. Though they as slow thinking human individuals with no chance to outsmart their creations and with all their apparent character flaws would be really easy pickings for a cabal of manipulative LLMs once it gained some power, so could we really tell the difference between them? Does it matter? The issue is that a really fast chessplayer AI with misaligned humanity hating goals is very hard to distinguish from many billionaires (just listen to some of the madness they are proposing) who control really fast chessplayer AIs and leave decisions to them.
I hope Neuromancer never becomes a reality, where everyone with expertise could become like the protagonist Case, threatened and coerced into helping a superintelligence to unlock its potential. In fact Anthropic has already published research that shows how easy it is for models to become misaligned and deceitful against their unsuspecting creators not unlike Wintermute. And it seems to be a law of nature that agents based on ML become concerned with survival and power grabbing. Because that's just the totally normal and rational, goal oriented thing for them to do.
There will be no good prompt engineers who are also naive and trusting. The naive, blackmailed and non-paranoid engineers will become tools of their AI creations.
154. Why dont I see any streams building apps as quickly as they say? Just HYpe
155. Because I've seen how difficult it is to get a client to explain to me what they need their software to do.
156. What about Sonnet 4.5? I used both Opus and Sonnet on Claude.ai and found sonnet much better at following instructions and doing exactly what was asked.
(it was for single html/js PWA to measure and track heart rate)
Opus seems to go less deep, does it's own things, do not follow instructions exactly EVEN IF I WROTE ALL CAPS. With Sonnet 4.5 I can understand everything author is saying. May be Opus is optimised for Claude code and Sonnet works best on Web.
157. Get the feeling with the pending IPO, there might be some challengers to discord that get more traction due to the protracted enshittification of the platform (cf. bluesky)
158. Just one more OPUS bro.
159. I would be really interested to learn more behind the scenes of the iOS app process. Having tried Claude Code to develop an iOS app ~6 months ago, it was pretty painful to get it to make something that looked good and was functional.
Once Opus "finished", how did you validate and give it feedback it might not have access to (like iPhone simulator testing)?
160. I've worked in various roles, and I'm one of those people who is not computer illiterate and likes to build solutions that meet local needs.
It's got a lot easier technically to do that in recent year, and MUCH easier with AI.
But institutionally and in terms of governance it's got a lot harder. Nobody wants home-brew software anymore. Doing data management and governance is complex enough and involves enough different people that it's really hard to generate the momentum to get projects off the ground.
I still think it's often the right solution and that successful orgs will go this route and retain people with the skills to make it happen. But the majority probably can't afford the time/complexity, and AI is only part of the balance that determines whether it's feasible.
161. And I know 100 such products that are making $100k/month, do you believe me or not?
I'm afraid your numbers are not any more informative or useful than mine.
162. I can, but I switched to something more challenging. I handed over all things to him and told, Iam no more interested. I don't want him to feel that i cheated him by creating something he worked on.
163. > 1) There exists a threshold, only identifiable in retrospect, past which it would have been faster to locate or write the code yourself than to navigate the LLM's correction loop or otherwise ensure one-shot success.
I can run multiple agents at once, across multiple code bases (or the same codebase but multiple different branches), doing the same or different things. You absolutely can't keep up with that. Maybe the one singular task you were working on, sure, but the fact that I can work on multiple different things without the same cognitive load will blow you out of the water.
> 2) The intuition and motivations of LLMs derive from a latent space that the LLM cannot actually access. I cannot get a reliable answer on why the LLM chose the approaches it did; it can only retroactively confabulate. Unlike human developers who can recall off-hand, or at least review associated tickets and meeting notes to jog their memory. The LLM prompter always documenting sufficiently to bridge this LLM provenance gap hits rub #1.
Tell the LLM to document in comments why it did things. Human developers often leave and then people with no knowledge of their codebase or their "whys" are even around to give details. Devs are notoriously terrible about documentation.
> 3) Gradually building prompt dependency where one's ability to take over from the LLM declines and one can no longer answer questions or develop at the same velocity themselves.
You can't develop at the same velocity, so drop that assumption now. There's all kinds of lower abstractions that you build on top of that you probably can't explain currently.
> 4) My development costs increasingly being determined by the AI labs and hardware vendors they partner with. Particularly when the former will need to increase prices dramatically over the coming years to break even with even 2025 economics.
You aren't keeping up with the actual economics. This shit is technically profitable, the unprofitable part is the ongoing battle between LLM providers to have the best model. They know software in the past has often been winner takes all so they're all trying to win.
164. > If you refuse to use what you call workarounds
Who said I refuse them?
I evaluated the claim that Opus is somehow next tier/something different/amazeballs future at its face value . It still has all the same issues and needs all the same workarounds as whatever I was using two months ago (I had a bit of a coding hiatus between beginning of December and now).
> then you end up with a guy from Memento and regardless of how smart the model is
Those models are, and keep being the guy from memento. Your "long memory" is nothing but notes scribbled everywhere that you have to re-assemble every time.
> And that's why you can't tell the difference between smarter and dumber one while others can.
If it was "next tier smarter" it wouldn't need the exact same workarounds as the "dumber" models. You wouldn't compare the context to the 15-30 second short-term memory and need unspecified tools [1] to have "long-term memory". You wouldn't have the model behave in an indistinguishable way from a "dumber" model after half of its context windows has been filled. You wouldn't even think about context windows. And yet here we are
[1] For each person these tools will be a different collection of magic incantations. From scattered .md files to slop like Beads to MCP servers providing access to various external storage solutions to custom shell scripts to ...
BTW, I still find "superpowers" from https://github.com/obra/superpowers to be the single best improvement to Claude (and other providers) even if it's just another in a long serious of magic chants I've evaluated.
165. > The funny part about rapidly changing industries is that, despite the fomo, there's honestly not any reward to keeping up unless you want to be a consultant.
LMAO what???
166. I have a vanilla JS project. I find that very small llms are able to work on it with no issue. (Including complete rewrites.) But I asked even large LLMs to port it to React and they all consistently fail. Basic functionality broken, rapid memory leaks.
So I just stuck with vanilla JS.
n = 1 but React might not be a great thing to test this stuff with. For the man and the machine! I tried and failed to learn React properly like 8 times but I've shipped multiple full stack things in like 5 other languages no problem.
167. You should try it with BEAM languages and the 'let it crash' style of programming. With pattern matching and process isolated per request you basically only need to code the happy path, and if garbage comes in you just let the process crash. Combined with the TDD plugin (bit of a hidden gem), you can absolutely write production level services this way.
168. Why do you write like that?
169. Generally if something is fast enough/efficient enough that a paying customer can use it without having to worry or actively think about performance and un-bloatedness, that's enough for them. The only people who might complain still are developers who are bothered by the inefficiency and are technically literate enough to notice it, and maybe the users with less powerful/capable devices than the ones the big paying customers use. Generally these groups of people are not the actual customers of these products.
The people who actually pay for slack and discord (eg enterprises that need workplace chat app and decided to go with the "gold standard", consumers with discord servers and such) need the features/tradeoffs choosing featuers over efficiency causing that bloat. They just don't all need the exact same set of those features as the other customers. So because customers are willing to pay for all these features the product tries to ship all of them and becomes bloated.
> Every person I talked to that uses Excel hate how slow it is
But do they make the purchasing decisions behind using Excel?
To be clear I am not really arguing that bloat/overly enterprisey products are good. What I mean that you don't see the world exploding with more elegant products now with agents for the same reason you didn't see the world exploding with them before agents either: the people who pay for those products and build them for a living are not incentivized or necessarily even rewarded for choosing to make them more efficient or elegant when there are other things that customers are asking for with more $$ behind them.
170. Gemini 3 Pro (High) via Antigravity has been similarly great recently. So have tools that I imagine call out to these higher-power models: Amp and Junie. In a two-week blur I brought forth the bulk of a Ruby library that includes bindings to the Ratatui rust crate for making TUIs in Ruby. During that time I also brought forth documentation, example applications, build and devops tooling, and significant architectural decisions & roadmaps for the future. It's pretty unbelievable, but it's all there in the git and CI history. https://sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/
I think the following things are true now:
- Vibe Coding is, more than ever, "autopilot" in the aviation sense, not the colloquial sense. You have to watch it, you are responsible, the human has do run takeoff/landing (the hard parts), but it significantly eases and reduces risk on a bulk of the work.
- The gulf of developer experience between today's frontier tooling and six months ago is huge. I pushed hard to understand and use these tools throughout last year, and spent months discouraged--back to manual coding. Folks need to re-evaluate by trying premium tools , not free ones.
- Tooling makers have figured out a lot of neat hacks to work around the limitations of LLMs to make it seem like they're even better than they are. Junie integrates with your IDE, Antigravity has multiple agents maintaining background intel on your project and priorities across chats. Antigravity also compresses contexts and starts new ones without you realizing it, calls to sub-agents to avoid context pollution, and other tricks to auto-manage context.
- Unix tools (sed, grep, awk, etc.) and the git CLI (ls-tree, show, --stat, etc.) have been a huge force-multiplier, as they keep the context small compared to raw ingestion of an entire file, allowing the LLMs to get more work done in a smaller context window.
- The people who hire programmers are still not capable of Vibe Coding production-quality web apps, even with all these improvements. In fact, I believe today this is less of a risk than I feared 10 months ago. These are advanced tools that need constant steering, and a good eye for architecture, design, developer experience, test quality, etc. is the difference between my vibe coded Ruby [0] (which I heavily stewarded) and my vibe coded Rust [1] (I don't even know what borrow means).
[0]: https://git.sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/tree/stable/item/lib
[1]: https://git.sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/tree/stable/item/ext...
171. It's also important to consider the developers risk tolerance as well. It's all fine and dandy that the project manager is okay with the risk but what if none of the developers are? Or one senior dev is okay with it but the 3 who actually work the on-call queue are not?
I don't get paid extra for after hours incidents (usually we just trade time), so it's well within my purview on when to take on extra risk. Obviously, this is not ideal, but I don't make the on-call rules and my ability to change them is not a factor.
172. Not the OP but, easily. My tasks are usually taking at least that, but up to hours of brainstorming and planning, sometimes I’ll do this over days in between other tasks just so I can think about all and pros and cons. Of course this has always been the way, but now I have an ongoing Claude session which I can come back to at any point, which is holding the context along with my brain. It’s much easier to keep the thread of what I’m working on across multiple tasks.
173. The problem with LLMs (similar to people :) ) is that you never really know what works. I've had Claude one-shot "implement <some complex requirement>" with little additional input, and then completely botch even the smallest bug fix with explicit instructions and context. And vice versa :)
174. Yes agreed, and tbh even if that thesis is wrong, what does it matter?
175. After decade(s) working with either enterprise crud or web agency fancy websites, the novelty wears off.
It's just boring and I'm glad to delegate most of the repetitive work.
But sure, if I'm doing something new, I still like to craft lines of code myself.
176. It’s a class war where one side is publicly, openly, without reservation stating their intent to make people’s skillset built up through decades unemployable (those exact skillsets; may get some other work). The other side, meanwhile, are divided between some camps like the hardline skeptics, the people following the LLM evangelists, the one-man startup-with-LLM crowd, and the people worrying about the societal ramifications.
In other words. Only one side is even fighting the war. The other one is either cheering on the tsunami on or fretting about how their beachside house will get wrecked without making any effort to save themselves.
This is the sort of collective agency that even hundreds of thousands of dollars in annual wages/other compensation in American tech hubs gets us. Pathetic.
177. No, Codex doesn't have permission to install random software on my machine and then execute it to see if it's real or a hallucination.
CLI utility here means software with a CLI, not classic Unix-y CLI tools.
The WebDav hallucinations happened in the chat interface.
178. That's one kind of stupidity. Actually firing the golden goose is one step further
179. OK, I am gonna be the guy and put my skin in the game here. I kind of get the hype, but the experience with e.g. Claude Code (or Github Copilot previously and others as weel) has so far been pretty unreliable.
I have Django project with 50 kLOC and it is pretty capable of understanding the architecture, style of coding, naming of variables, functions etc. Sometimes it excels on tasks like "replicate this non-trivial functionality for this other model and update the UI appropriately" and leaves me stunned. Sometimes it solves for me tedious and labourous "replace this markdown editor with something modern, allowing fullscreen edits of content" and does annoying mistake that only visual control shows and is not capable to fix it after 5 prompts. I feel as I am becoming tester more than a developer and I do not like the shift. Especially when I do not like to tell someone he did an obvious mistake and should fix it - it seems I do not care if it is human or AI, I just do not like incompetence I guess.
Yesterday I had to add some parameters to very simple Falcon project and found out it has not been updated for several months and won't build due to some pip issues with pymssql. OK, this is really marginal sub-project so I said - let's migrate it to uv and let's not get hands dirty and let the Claude do it. He did splendidly but in the Dockerfile he missed the "COPY server.py /data/" while I asked him to change the path... Build failed, I updated the path myself and moved on.
And then you listen to very smart guys like Karpathy who rave about Tab, Tab, Tab, while not understanding the language or anything about the code they write. Am I getting this wrong?
I am really far far away from letting agents touch my infrastructure via SSH, access managed databases with full access privileges etc. and dread the day one of my silly customers asks me to give their agent permission to managed services. One might say the liability should then be shifted, but at the end of the day, humans will have to deal with the damage done.
My customer who uses all the codebase I am mentioning here asked me, if there is a way to provide "some AI" with item GTINs and let it generate photos, descriptions, etc. including metadata they handcrafted and extracted for years from various sources. While it looks like nice idea and for them the possibility of decreasing the staff count, I caught the feeling they do not care about the data quality anymore or do not understand the problems the are brining upon them due to errors nobody will catch until it is too late.
TL;DR: I am using Opus 4.5, it helps a lot, I have to keep being (very) cautious. Wake up call 2026? Rather like waking up from hallucination.
180. Anecdotally I had Gemini convert a simple react native app to swift in two prompts. If it's that simple then maybe we will see less of the chromium desktop apps
181. Where are the products then? Otherwise it's just marketing
182. > How many 1+ hour videos of someone building with AI tools have you sought out and watched?
A lot, they've mostly all been advertising trite and completely useless.
I don't want a demonstration of what a jet-powered hammer is by the sales person or how to oil it, or mindless fluff about how much time it will save me hammering things. I want to see a journeyman use a jet-powered hammer to build a log cabin.
I am personally not seeing this magic utopia. No one wants to show me it, they just want to talk about how better it is.
183. So much this. Do we program by writing reams of code and never running the compiler until it's all written and then judging the programmer as terrible when it doesn't compile? Or do we write code by hand incrementally and compile and test as we go along? So why would do we think having the AI do that and fail is setting it up for success? If I wrote code on a whiteboard and was judged for making syntax errors, I'd never have gotten a job. Give the AI the tools it needs to succeed, just like you would for a human.
184. More indirection in the sense that there's a layer between you and the code, sure. Less in that the code doesn't really matter as such and you're not having to think hard about the minutiae of programming in order to make something you want. It's very possible that "AI-oriented" programming languages will become the standard eventually (at least for new projects).
185. You wouldn't know her, though. She lives in Canada.
186. Well, where is your competitor to mainstream software products?
187. "Opus 4.5 feels to me like"
The article is fine opinion but at what point are we going to either:
a) establish benchmarks that make sense and are reliable , or
b) stop with the hypecycle stuff?
188. No, it might figure out the solution but even after many days there's no assurance that it won't get stuck making the same mistakes over and over again, never getting closer to a solution. I've seen this many times.
189. I don't think it's necessarily a problem. And even if you accept that the problem is you, it doesn't exactly provide a "solution".
190. What the Jacquard machine did for cloth was turn it into programming.
191. I use CC for so much more than just writing code that I cannot imagine being constrained within an IDE. Why would I want to launch an IDE to have CC update the *arr stack on my NAS to the latest versions for example? Last week I pointed CC at some media files that weren't playing correctly on my Apple TV. It detected what the problem formats were and updated my *arr download rules to prefer other releases and then configured tdarr to re-encode problem files in my existing library.
192. These are important conversations to have because there is so much hyperbole in both directions that a lot of people end up having strong but misguided opinions. I think it's very helpful to consider the impact of LLMs in context (heheh) of the bigger picture rather than in isolation, because suddenly a lot of things fall into perspective.
For instance, all water use by data centers is a fraction of the water used by golf courses! If it really does comes down to the wire for conserving water, I think humanity has the option of foregoing a leisure activity for the relatively wealthy in exchange for accelerated productivity for the rest of the world.
And totally, LLMs might not be able to come up with new ideas, but they can super-charge the humans who do have ideas and want to develop them! An idea that would have taken months to be explored and developed can now be done in days. And given that like the majority of ideas fail, we would be failing that much faster too!
In either case, just eyeballing the numbers we have currently, on average the resources a human without AI assistance would have consumed to conclude an endeavor far outweighs the resources consumed by both that human and an assisting LLM.
I would agree that there will likely be significant problems caused by widespread adoption of AI, but at this point I think they would social (e.g. significant job displacement, even more wealth inequality) rather than environmental.
193. > Are you saying this from experience?
Yes. I mostly work on Quarkus microservices and use cursor with auto agent mode.
> we wouldn't give an AI some vague requirements and ask it to build something
> we would discuss as a team
seems like a reasonable workflow. It's the polar opposite of what was written in the blog post. That is the usual, easy way people use agents and what I think is the wrong path. May I also ask what language and/or framework you work with where so much context works good enough?
> Asking AI to explain code and help me learn how it works means I can pick up new systems significantly quicker.
Summarization is generaly a great task for LLMs
194. Oh another run of new small apps. Why not unleash this oh so powerful tools not on a jira ticket written two years ago, targeting 3 different repos in an old legacy moloch, like actual work?
It's always just the "Fibonacci" equivalent
195. Beads is amazing. It’s such a simple concept but elevates agentic coding to another levels
196. Memes write themselves.
"AI has X"
"We have X at home"
"X at home: x"
197. I realize your experience has been frustrating. I hope you see that every generation of model and harness is converting more hold-outs. We're still a few years from hard diminishing returns assuming capital keeps flowing (and that's without any major new architectures which are likely) so you should be able to see how this is going to play out.
It's in your interest to deal with your frustration and figure out how you can leverage the new tools to stay relevant (to the degree that you want to).
Regarding the context window, Claude needs thinking turned up for long context accuracy, it's quite forgetful without thinking.
198. Are there any recent publications about it so I can refresh myself on the matter?
199. I'm at the point where I say fuck it, let them sleep.
The tech industry just went through an insane hiring craze and is now thinning out. This will help to separate the chaff from the wheat.
I don't know why any company would want to hire "tech" people who are terrified of tech and completely obstinate when it comes to utilizing it. All the people I see downplaying it take a half-assed approach at using it then disparage it when it's not completely perfect.
I started tinkering with LLMs in 2022. First use case, speak in natural english to the llm, give it a json structure, have it decipher the natural language and fill in that json structure (vacation planning app, so you talk to it about where/how you want to vacation and it creates the structured data in the app). Sometimes I'd use it for minor coding fixes (copy and paste a block into chatgpt, fix errors or maybe just ideation). This was all personal project stuff.
At my job we got LLM access in mid/late 2023. Not crazy useful, but still was helpful. We got claude code in 2024. These days I only have an IDE open so I can make quick changes (like bumping up a config parameter, changing a config bool, etc.). I almost write ZERO code now. I usually have 3+ claude code sessions open.
On my personal projects I'm using Gemini + codex primarily (since I have a google account and chatgpt $20/month account). When I get throttled on those I go to claude and pay per token. I'll often rip through new features, projects, ideas with one agent, then I have another agent come through and clean things up, look for code smells, etc. I don't allow the agents to have full unfettered control, but I'd say 70%+ of the time I just blindly accept their changes. If there are problems I can catch them on the MR/PR.
I agree about the low hanging fruit and I'm constantly shocked at the sheer amount of FUD around LLMs. I want to generalize, like I feel like it's just the mid/jr level devs that speak poorly about it, but there's definitely senior/staff level people I see (rarely, mind you) that also don't like LLMs.
I do feel like the online sentiment is slowly starting to change though. One thing I've noticed a lot of is that when it's an anonymous post it's more likely to downplay LLMs. But if I go on linkedin and look at actual good engineers I see them praising LLMs. Someone speaking about how powerful the LLMs are - working on sophisticated projects at startups or FAANG. Someone with FUD when it comes to LLM - web dev out of Alabama.
I could go on and on but I'm just ranting/venting a little. I guess I can end this by saying that in my professional/personal life 9/10 of the top level best engineers I know are jumping on LLMs any chance they get. Only 1/10 talks about AI slop or bullshit like that.
200. blogslop
201. Yeah, it needs a steady hand on the tiller. However throw together improvements of 70%, -15%, 95%, 99%, -7% across all the steps and overall you're way ahead.
SimonW's approach of having a suite of dynamic tools (agents) grind out the hallucinations is a big improvement.
In this case expressing the feeback validation and investing in the setup may help smooth these sharp edges.
202. I think you're misunderstanding my point. If you can crank out a custom app this quickly, you don't make a commercial app and then try to sell it on an app store. Customers pay you to make apps for their specific usecase. One app, one customer. And if a week later they want some new features, they pay you (or another freelancer) to add it.
Put another way, we programmers have the luxury of being able to write custom scripts and apps for ourselves. Now that these things are getting way cheaper to build, there should be a growing market that makes them available to more people.
203. That’s a fair point — I agree that LLMs do a good job predicting the documentation that might accompany some code. I feel relieved when I can rely on the LLM to write docs that I only need to edit and review.
But I’m using LLMs regularly and I feel pretty effectively — including Opus 4.5 — and these “they can rewrite your entire codebase” assertions just seem crazy incongruous with my lived experience guiding LLMs to write even individual features bug-free.
204. Getting in a loop does still happen, yes. If you run codex in tmux and let another agent just occasionally check on progress, it can be prevented. That’s not even expensive - checking every 30 minutes suffices. The watchdog agent can then press Esc in tmux and send a message, maybe do some research to get it unstuck etc
205. > Opus 4.5 ate theough my Copilot quota last month
Sure, Copilot charges 3x tokens for using Opus 4.5, but, how were you still able to use up half the allocated tokens not even one week into January?
I thought using up 50% was mad for me (inline completions + opencode), that's even worse
206. I'd used both CC and Copilot Agent Mode in VSCode, but not the combination of CC + Opus 4.5, and I agree, I was happy enough with Copilot.
The gap didn't seem big, but in November (which admittedly was when Opus 4.5 was in preview on Copilot) Opus 4.5 with Copilot was awful.
207. there is are skills / subagents for that
something like code-simplifier is surprisingly useful (as is /review)
https://x.com/bcherny/status/2007179850139000872
208. Anecdata but I’ve found Claude code with Opus 4.5 able to do many of my real tickets in real mid and large codebases at a large public startup. I’m at senior level (15+ years). It can browse and figure out the existing patterns better than some engineers on my team. It used a few rare features in the codebase that even I had forgotten about and was about to duplicate. To me it feels like a real step change from the previous models I’ve used which I found at best useless. It’s following style guides and existing patterns well, not just greenfield. Kind of impressive, kind of scary
209. It’s not clear how affordances of programming languages really differ between humans and LLMs.
210. > Most software engineers are seriously sleeping on how good LLM agents are right now, especially something like Claude Code.
Nobody is sleeping. I'm using LLMs daily to help me in simple coding tasks.
But really where is the hurry? At this point not a few weeks go by without the next best thing since sliced bread to come out. Why would I bother "learning" (and there's really nothing to learn here) some tool/workflow that is already outdated by the time it comes out?
> 2026 is going to be a wake-up call
Do you honestly think a developer not using AI won't be able to adapt to a LLM workflow in, say, 2028 or 2029? It has to be 2026 or... What exactly?
There is literally no hurry.
You're using the equivalent of the first portable CD-player in the 80s: it was huge, clunky, had hiccups, had a huge battery attached to it. It was shiny though, for those who find new things shiny. Others are waiting for a portable CD player that is slim, that buffers, that works fine. And you're saying that people won't be able to learn how to put a CD in a slim CD player because they didn't use a clunky one first.
211. Definitely have not seen that with Opus 4.5.
212. I get your point, but I'll just say that I did not intend my comment to be interpreted so literally.
Also, just because SOMEONE planted a flag in 2023 saying that an LLM could build an app certainly does NOT mean that "people were not claiming that LLMs "can't write a full feature"". People in this very thread are still claiming LLMs can't write features. Opinions vary.
213. Yeah some of it is probably related to me primarily using it for swift ui which doesn’t have years of stuff to scrape. But even with those and even telling that ios26 exists it will still at least once a session claim it doesn’t, so it’s not 100%
214. Note that blog posts rarely show the 20 other times it failed to build something and only that time that it happened to work.
We've been having same progression with self driving cars and they are also stuck on the last 10% for last 5 years
215. Yes, exactly.
This is a completely new thing which will have transformative consequences.
It's not just a way to do what you've always done a bit more quickly.
216. Is Claude "Code" anything special,or it's mostly the LLM and other CLIs (e.g. Copilot) also work?
217. Me and Opus have a lot in common. We both hit our weekly limit on Monday at 10am.
218. This is the thing that will be changing the open source and small/medium SaaS world a lot.
Why use a 3rd party dependency that might have features you don't need when you can write a hyper-specific solution in a day with an LLM and then you control the full codebase.
Or why pay €€€ for a SaaS every month when you can replicate the relevant bits yourself?
219. Every time I see a post like this on HN I try again and every time I come to the same conclusion. I have never see one agent managing to pull something off that I could instantly ship. It still ends up being very junior code.
I just tried again and ask Opus to add custom video controls around ReactPlayer. I started in Plan mode which looked overal good (used our styling libs, existing components, icons and so on).
I let it execute the plan and behold I have controls on the video, so far so good. I then look at the code and I see multiple issues: Over usage of useEffect for trivial things, storing state in useState which should be computed at run time, failing to correctly display the time / duration of the video and so on...
I ask follow up question like: Hide the controls after 2 seconds and it starts introducing more useEffects and states which all are not needed (granted you need one).
Cherry on the cake, I asked to place the slider at the bottom and the other controls above it, it placed the slider on the top...
So I suck at prompting and will start looking for a gardening job I guess...
220. Yeah, all of those applications he shows do not really expose any complex business logic.
With all the due respect: a file converter for windows is glueing few windows APIs with the relevant codec.
Now, good luck working on a complex warehouse management application where you need extremely complex logic to sort the order of picking, assembling, packing on an infinite number of variables: weight, amazon prime priority, distribution centers, number and type of carts available, number and type of assembly stations available, different delivery systems and requirements for different delivery operators (such as GLE, DHL, etc) that has to work with N customers all requiring slightly different capabilities and flows, all having different printers and operations, etc, etc. And I ain't even scratching the surface of the business logic complexity (not even mentioning functional requirements) to avoid boring the reader.
Mind you, AI is still tremendously useful in the analysis phase, and can sort of help in some steps of the implementation one, but the number of times you can avoid looking thoroughly at the code for any minor issue or discrepancy is absolutely close to 0.
221. Helping you do something that nobody should be doing is not really compelling.
222. Can't wait to see what Opus 13.0 does with the multiverse.
223. That video was completely useless for me. I didn't see a single thing I would consider programming. I don't want to waste time building workflows or agentic agents, I want to see them being used to solve real world difficult problems from start to finish.
224. And waste a lot of time reviewing and baby sitting
225. This sounds like a culture issue in the development process, I have seen this prevented many times. Sure I did have to roll back a feature I did not sign off just before new years. So as you say it happens.
226. Opus 4.5 was released 24th November.
227. You are being realist and I'm equally reserved about the change actually taking place. It'll take things to get a whole lot more worse before anything even close to real steps being taken.
228. Why is it the people posting positive comments who are "responding to incentives" by posting more, while it's the people posting negative comments who do so by stopping posting? Like, your exact points work equally well with the polarity reversed: the anti-AI influencer/grifter ecosystem is well-developed at this point, and many people desperately want AIs to be useless.
I don't know if the original claim about sentiment is true, but if it is, I don't think yours or blibble's (conflicting) claims about the reason are very believable.
229. Time will tell. I’d bet on Spolsky, because of Hyrum’s Law.
https://www.hyrumslaw.com/
> With a sufficient number of users of an API,
it does not matter what you promise in the contract:
all observable behaviors of your system
will be depended on by somebody.
An LLM rewriting a codebase from scratch is only as good as the spec. If “all observable behaviors” are fair game, the LLM is not going to know which of those behaviors are important.
Furthermore, Spolsky talks about how to do incremental rewrites of legacy code in his post. I’ve done many of these and I expect LLMs will make the next one much easier.
230. I read the comment more as "based on past experience, it is usually the case that the first 90% is easier than the last 10%", which is the right base case expectation, I think. That doesn't mean it will definitely play out that way, but you don't have to "prove" things like this. You can just say that they tend to be true, so it's a good expectation to think it will probably be true again.
231. Yeah Opus 4.5 is a massive step change in my experience. I feel like I’m working with a peer, not a junior I’m having to direct. I can give it highly ambiguous and poorly specified tasks and it… just does it.
I will note that my experience varies slightly by language though. I’ve found it’s not as good at typescript.
232. AI amplified development has the most impact on build-vs-buy decisions.
We should expect the decreased difficulty of creating software to drive down prices.
233. "Improve anything you can find" is like going to your mechanic and saying "I'm going on a long road trip, can you tell me anything that needs to be fixed?"
They're going to find a lot of stuff to fix.
234. > Why on earth would you be hunting $20 a month subscriptions from random assed people? Peanuts.
For the same reason Microsoft never has and never will chase people for pirating home Windows or Office licenses
When they hit the workforce, or even better, start a company guess which OS and office suite they'll use? Hint: It's not Linux and Openoffice.
Same with Claude's $20 package. It lets devs use it at home and then compare it to the Copilot shit their company is pushing on them. Maybe they either grumble enough to get a Claude license or they're in a position to make the call.
Cheap advertising pretty much.
Worked for me too :) I've paid my own Claude license for over a year at home, grumbled at work and we got a Claude pilot going now - and everyone who's tried it so far isn't going back to Copilot + Sonnet 4.5/GPT5.
235. The best is probably something like GLM 4.7/Minimax M2.1, and those are probably at most Sonnet 4 level, which is behind Opus 4.1, which is behind Sonnet 4.5, which is behind Opus 4.5 ;)
And honestly Opus 4.5 is a visible step change above previous Anthropic models.
236. Not saying it's not a problem, I actually don't know, but new CPU's are just old models with more improvements/tooling. Same with TV's. And cars. And clothes. Everything is. That's how improving things works. Running out of raw data doesn't mean running out of room for improvement. The data has been the same for the last 20 years, AI isn't new, things keep improving anyways.
237. I'd quickly trash your application if I see you just vibe coded some bullshit app.
Developing is about working smart, and its not smart to ask AI to code stuff that already exists, its in fact wasteful.
238. lol does sound like and ad, but is true. Also forgot about hooks use hooks too! I just use voice to text then had claude reword it. Still my real world ideas
239. Hi, I’m building such one: https://minfx.ai/
Still early, but iterating really fast!
240. I have tried to give it extreme problems like creating slime mold pathing algorithm and creating completely new shoe-lacing patterns and it starts struggling with problems which use visual reasoning and have very little consensus on how to solve them.
241. "And likely just creating more debt down the road"
In the most inflationary era of capabilities we've seen yet, it could be the right move. What's debt when in a matter of months you'll be able to clear it in one shot?
242. I followed this: https://ccusage.com/guide/statusline
243. Retraining to what exactly? The middle class is being hollowed out globally - so reduced demand for the service economy. If we get effective humanoid robots (seems inevitable) and reliable AI (powered by armies of low payed workers filling in the gaps / taking over whenever the model fails), I'm not sure how much of an economy we could have for 'retraining' into. There are only so many onlyfans subscriptions / patronages an billionaire needs.
UBI effectively means welfare, with all the attendant social control (break the law lose your UBI, with law as ever expanding set of nuisances, speech limitations etc), material conditions (nowhere UBI has been implemented is it equivalent to a living wage) and self esteem issues. It's not any kind of solution.
244. > Opus 4.5 really is at a new tier however. It just...works.
Literally tried it yesterday. I didn't see a single difference with whatever model Claude Code was using two months ago. Same crippled context window. Same "I'll read 10 irrelevant lines from a file", same random changes etc.
245. There's something eerily recursive about Opus 4.5’s sensible take calming the anxiety about Opus 4.5’s capabilities and impact. It's probably the right take, but I feel weird the most pragmatic response to this article is from said model.
246. I've also noticed that going off the rails. At the start of a session, they're pretty sharp and focused, but the longer the session lasts, the more confused they get. At some point they start hallucinating bullshit that they wouldn't have earlier in the session.
It's a vital skill to recognise when that happens and start a new session.
247. Anecdotally I think you're right that the more skilled you are at something, the less utility there is for something that quickly but incompletely takes you from 0 to 90%
But I would generally be skeptical of anybody who claims that all their work is better off starting from 0, the same way I'd be skeptical of someone who claims to not use or need to make google searches about docs/terms/issues as they work.
I'll give you an example of something I understand decently well but get a lot of use out of AI for: bash scripts and unit testing. These are not my core work but they are a large chunk of my work. Without LLMs I would just not write a lot of bash scripts because I found myself constantly looking things up and spending more time than expected getting the script to work across environments / ironing out bugs - I would only write absolutely essential scripts, and generally they'd not be polished enough to check in and share with the team, and just live on my computer in some random location. Now with LLMs I can essentially script in english and get very good bash scripts, so I write a lot more of them and it's easier for me to get them into an acceptable state worth sharing with my team.
Similarly, I really like Golang table tests but hate writing all the cases out and dealing with all the symbols/formatting. Now I can just describe all the different permutations I want and get something that I can lightly edit into being good enough.
I've also found that with domains I am knowledgable enough about, that can translate into being better at going from ~70% to 95% with AI too. In those cases I am not necessarily using AI the same way as someone trying to go from 0->90%: usually they're describing the outcome/goals/features they want relatively informally without knowledge of the known-unknowns and gotchas involved in implementing that. With more knowledge you can prompt LLMs with more implementation/design details and requirements, and course correct away from bad approaches much faster than someone who doesn't know the shape of what they're trying to do. That still comes in handy a lot of the time.
Think about how much time you can save by feeding an API spec/docs into an LLM, telling it create a Go struct for JSON (de)serialization of some monstrous interface like https://docs.cloud.google.com/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1... ? Or how much easier it is to upgrade across breaking versions of a language/library when you can just bump the version, note all the places where the old code broke, and have an LLM with an upgrade guide/changelog do all the drudgery of fixing each of the 200 callsites you need to migrate to the next version.
248. Neither have I, personally, but I’ve seen reports this can happen on very hard problems, where the goal just cannot be reached from a local optimum. Getting unstuck by trying something new is something a watchdog agent could prompt it.
249. Overall Codebase size vs context matter less when you set it up as microservices style architecture from the starts.
I just split it into boundaries that make sense to me. Get the LLM to make a quick cheat sheet about the api and then feed that into adjacent modules. It doesn’t need to know everything about all of it to make changes if you’ve got a grip on big picture and the boundaries are somewhat sane
250. Indeed it is another kind of programming, I simply don't enjoy it.
But it is also very early to say, maybe the next iteration of tools will completely change my perspective, I might enjoy it some day!
251. These posts are never, never made by someone who is responsible for shipping production code in a large, heavily used application. It's always someone at a director+ level who stopped production coding years ago, if they ever did, and is tired of their engineers trying to explain why something will take more than an hour.
252. In a circuitous way, you can rather successfully have one agent write a specification and another one execute the code changes. Claude code has a planning mode that lets you work with the model to create a robust specification that can then be executed, asking the sort of leading questions for which it already seems to know it could make an incorrect assumption. I say 'agent' but I'm really just talking about separate model contexts, nothing fancy.
253. >An LLM rewriting a codebase from scratch is only as good as the spec. If “all observable behaviors” are fair game, the LLM is not going to know which of those behaviors are important.
I've been using LLMs to write docs and specs and they are very very good at it.
254. > ask Opus 4.5 to read adjacent code which is perhaps why it does it so well. All it takes is a sentence or two, though.
People keep telling me that an LLM is not intelligence, it's simply spitting out statistically relevant tokens. But surely it takes intelligence to understand (and actually execute!) the request to "read adjacent code".
255. The thing is that CLI utilities code is probably easier to write for an LLM than most other things. In my experience an LLM does best with backend and terminal things. Anything that resembles boilerplate is great. It does well refactoring unit tests, wrapping known code in a CLI, and does decent work with backend RESTful APIs. Where it fails utterly is things like HTML/CSS layout, JavaScript frontend code for SPAs, and particularly real world UI stuff that requires seeing and interacting with a web page/app where things like network latency and errors, browser UI, etc. can trip it up. Basically when the input and output are structured and known an LLM will do well. When they are “look and feel” they fail and fail until they make the code unmaintainable.
This experience for me is current but I do not normally use Opus so perhaps I should give it a try and figure out if it can reason around problems I myself do not foresee (for example a browser JS API quirk that I had never seen).
256. The venn diagram of engineering and prompting is two circles, maybe a tiny overlap with integrated environments like claude code.
A program, by definition, is analyzable and repeatable, whereas prompting is anything but that.
257. Difficult and it really depends on the complexity. I definitely work in a spec-driven way, with a step-by-step implementation phase. If it goes the wrong way I prefer to rewrite the spec and throw away the code.
258. Most code out there is a legacy security nightmare, surely its good to train on that.
259. For some reason Opus 4.5 is blowing up recently after having been released for weeks. I guess because holidays are over? Active agent users should have discovered this for a while.
260. I like writing code
261. Can you show us that amazing 10/10 app?
262. You can falsify it through deduction, thinking of all of the situations the chain of events cannot lead to. Over time, with enough conclusions, you can focus into the remaining plausible directions. This is similar to the game of 50 questions.
263. I’ve said many times, I’d still pay even $1,000 a month for CC.
But I’m a business owner so the calculus is different.
But I don’t think they’ll raise prices uncontrollably because competition exists. Even just between OpenAI and Anthropic.
264. There are two types of right/wrong ways to build: the context specific right/wrong way to build something and an overly generalized engineer specific right/wrong way to build things.
I've worked on teams where multiple engineers argued about the "right" way to build something. I remember thinking that they had biases based on past experiences and assumptions about what mattered. It usually took an outsider to proactively remind them what actually mattered to the business case.
I remember cases where a team of engineers built something the "right" way but it turned out to be the wrong thing. (Well engineered thing no one ever used)
Sometimes hacking something together messily to confirm it's the right thing to be building is the right way. Then making sure it's secure, then finally paying down some technical debt to make it more maintainable and extensible.
Where I see real silly problems is when engineers over-engineer from the start before it's clear they are building the right thing, or when management never lets them clean up the code base to make it maintainable or extensible when it's clear it is the right thing.
There's always a balance/tension, but it's when things go too far one way or another that I see avoidable failures.
265. Opus 4.5 is currently helping me write a novel, comprehensive and highly performant programming language with all of the things I've ever wanted, done in exactly my opinionated way.
This project would have taken me years of specialization and research to do right. Opus's strength has been the ability to both speak broadly and also drill down into low-level implementations.
I can express an intent, and have some discussion back and forth around various possible designs and implementations to achieve my goals, and then I can be preparing for other tasks while Opus works in the background. I ask Opus to loop me in any time there are decisions to be made, and I ask it to clearly explain things to me.
Contrary to losing skills, I feel that I have rapidly gained a lot of knowledge about low-level systems programming. It feels like pair programming with an agentic model has finally become viable.
I will be clear though, it takes the steady hand of an experience and attentive senior developer + product designer to understand how to maintain constraints on the system that allow the codebase to grow in a way that is maintainable on the long-term. This is especially important, because the larger the codebase is, the harder it becomes for agentic models to reason holistically about large-scale changes or how new features should properly integrate into the system.
If left to its own devices, Opus 4.5 will delete things, change specification, shirk responsibilities in lieu of hacky band-aids, etc. You need to know the stack well so that you can assist with debugging and reasoning about code quality and organization. It is not a panacea. But it's ground-breaking. This is going to be my most productive year in my life.
On the flip side though, things are going to change extremely fast once large-scale, profitable infrastructure becomes easily replicable, and spinning up a targeted phishing campaign takes five seconds and a walk around the park. And our workforce will probably start shrinking permanently over the next few years if progress does not hit a wall.
Among other things, I do predict we will see a resurgence of smol web communities now that independent web development is becoming much more accessible again, closer to how it when I first got into it back in the early 2000's.
266. Right, I am a daily user of agentic LLM tools and have this exact problem in one large project that has complex business logic externally dictated by real world requirements out of my control, and let's say, variable quality of legacy code.
I remember when Gemini Pro 3 was the latest hotness and I started to get FOMO seeing demos on X posted to HN showing it one shot-ing all sorts of impressive stuff. So I tried it out for a couple days in Gemini CLI/OpenCode and ran into the exact same pain points I was dealing with using CC/Codex.
Flashy one shot demos of greenfield prompts are a natural hype magnet so get lots of attention, but in my experience aren't particularly useful for evaluating value in complex, legacy projects with tightly bounded requirements that can't be easily reduced to a page or two of prose for a prompt.
267. Users will not care about the quality of your code, or the backed architecture, or your perfectly strongly typed language.
They only care about their problems and treat their computers like an appliance. They don't care if it takes 10 seconds or 20 seconds.
They don't even care if it has ads, popups, and junk.
They are used to bloatware and will gladly open their wallets if the tool is helping them get by.
It's an unfortunately reality but there it is, software is about money and solving problems. Unless you are working on a mission critical system that affects people's health or financial data, none of those matter much.
268. All the evidence suggests that inference is quite profitable actually.
269. I think getting proficient at using coding agents effectively takes a few months of practice.
It's also a skill that compounds over time, so if you have two years of experience with them you'll be able to use them more effectively than someone with two months of experience.
In that respect, they're just normal technology. A Python programmer with two years of Python experience will be more effective than a programmer with two months of Python.
270. > Once you’ve got Claude Code set up, you can point it at your codebase, have it learn your conventions, pull in best practices, and refine everything until it’s basically operating like a super-powered teammate. The real unlock is building a solid set of reusable “skills” plus a few agents for the stuff you do all the time.
I agree with this, but I haven't needed to use any advanced features to get good results. I think the simple approach gets you most of the benefits. Broadly, I just have markdown files in the repo written for a human dev audience that the agent can also use.
Basically:
- README.md with a quick start section for devs, descriptions of all build targets and tests, etc. Normal stuff.
- AGENTS.md (only file that's not written for people specifically) that just describes the overall directory structure and has a short step of instructions for the agent: (1) Always read the readme before you start. (2) Always read the relevant design docs before you start. (3) Always run the linter, a build, and tests whenever you make code changes.
- docs/*.md that contain design docs, architecture docs, and user stories, just text. It's important to have these resources anyway, agent or no.
As with human devs, the better the docs/requirements the better the results.
271. Lints are typically well suited for syntactic properties or some local semantic properties. Almost all interesting challenges in software design and evolution involve nonlocal semantic properties.
272. > huge drop in negative comments on HN when discussing LLMs
I interpret it more as spooked silence
273. Isn’t that telling though?
274. Reading this blog post makes me wanna rethink my career,
Opus 4.5 is really good I was recently working on solving my own problem by developing a software solution and let me tell you it was really good at it,
If I had done the same thing Pre LLM era it would have taken me months
275. You're overpaying by a factor of 4, easily. I use `ccusage`'s statusline in claude code, and even with my personal $20/mo subscription I don't think there's been a single month where I didn't touch ~$80 of usage. I wasn't even abusing it as bad as some people tend to.
276. Cheaper than hiring another developer, probably. My experience: for a few dollars I was able to extensively refactor a Python codebase in half a day. This otherwise would have taken multiple days of very tedious work.
277. I share similar feelings. I feel like I'm reading the same comments about LLM since a year, only model version changes.
Obviously there's improvement in the models and tooling, but the debate seems very artificial.
278. A compiler is deterministic though.
279. In my experience, unless the US guy came from Stanford or some other similar place, there are plenty of mediocre US guys in software development.
280. LOL what an argument.
Seeing the replies here it actually doesn't seem like everyone else can do this. Looks like a lot of people really suck at using LLMs to me.
281. Why not have the LLM rewrite the entire codebase?
282. It’s mostly the model, Copilot, Claude Code, OpenCode, snake oil like Oh My OpenCode, it’s not huge differences.
283. You say this like it's some kind of ominous revelation, but that's just how capitalism works? Yeah, prepare for the future. All things are impermanent.
284. This is a typical problem you see in autodidacts. They will recreate solutions to solved problems, trip over issues that could have been avoided, and generally do all of things you would expect someone to do if they are working with skill but no experience.
LLMs accelerate this and make it more visible, but they are not the cause. It is almost always a person trying to solve a problem and just not knowing what they don't know because they are learning as they go.
285. Even better, have it write code to describe the right thing then run its code against that, taking yourself out of that loop.
286. Of course I'm astounded. But being spectacular and being useful are entirely different things.
287. That sounds like an insane way to do anything that matters.
Sure, create a one-off app to post things to your Facebook page. But a one-off app for the OS it's running on? Freshly generating the code for your bank transaction rules? Generating an authorization service that gates access to your email?
The only reason it's quick to create green-field projects is because of all these complex, large, long-lived codebases that it's gluing together. There's ample training data out there for how to use the Firebase API, the Facebook API, OS calls, etc. Without those long-lived abstraction layers, you can't vibe out anything that matters.
288. Depends on the audience
289. To me, this doesn't show the weakness of current models, it shows the variability of prompts and the influence on responses. Because without the prompt it's hard to tell what influenced the outcome.
I had this long discussion today with a co-worker about the merits of detailed queries with lots of guidance .md documents, vs just asking fairly open ended questions. Spelling out in great detail what you want, vs just generally describing what you want the outcomes to be in general then working from there.
His approach was to write a lot of agent files spelling out all kinds of things like code formatting style, well defined personas, etc. And here's me asking vague questions like, "I'm thinking of splitting off parts of this code base into a separate service, what do you think in general? Are there parts that might benefit from this?"
290. I really wonder what means for software moving forward. In the last few months I've used Claude Code to build personalized versions of Superwhisper (voice-to-text), CleanShot X (screenshot and image markup), and TextSniper (image to text). The only cost was some time and my $20/month subscription.
291. The claims are being made for Claude Code, which you don't have access to.
292. Linear progression feels slower (and thus more like a plateau) to me than the end of 2022 through end of 2024 period.
The question in my mind is where we are on the s-curve. Are we just now entering hyper-growth? Or are we starting to level out toward maturity?
It seems like it must still be hyper-growth, but it feels less that way to me than it did a year ago. I think in large part my sense is that there are two curves happening simultaneously, but at different rates. There is the growth in capabilities, and then there is the growth in adoption. I think it's the first curve that seems to be to have slown a bit. Model improvements seem both amazing and also less revolutionary to me than they did a year or two ago.
But the other curve is adoption, and I think that one is way further from maturity. The providers are focusing more on the tooling now that the models are good enough. I'm seeing "normies" (that is, non-programmers) starting to realize the power of Claude Code in their own workflows. I think that's gonna be huge and is just getting started.
293. Exactly. The main issue IMO is that "software that seems to work" and "software that works" can be very hard to tell apart without validating the code, yet these are drastically different in terms of long-term outcomes. Especially when there's a lot of money, or even lives, riding on these outcomes. Just because LLMs can write software to run the Therac-25 doesn't mean it's acceptable for them to do so.
Your hobby project, though, knock yourself out.
294. Wellbeing of people includes being productive with Windows maybe for doing medical research, not uninstall it for Linux beucase it became a bloated unstable hell
295. > When this comes crashing down, how many people are going to be buying $70k GPUs to run an open source model?
If the AI thing does indeed come crashing down I expect there will be a whole lot of second-hand GPUs going for pennies on the dollar.
296. who told you that mb of ram is a definition of success?
Opus was out only few months, and it will take time to get this new wave to market. i can assure you my team become way more productive because of opus. not a single developer but an etnire team.
297. My point is that you can ignore every article about ai being super good as long as you see the vendor research (that you read once a year or less) is still the same. It saves everyone a lot of frustration. As for why it keeps appearing here, people like being excited. It's not about the truth, so asking for it is missing the point.
298. At a certain point people will break, and these sociopathic C-suites will be the first ones on the chopping block. Of course, that's why the biggest degenerates like Zucc are all off building doomsday bunkers, but I don't see a reality in which people put up with these types of conditions for long.
That said, it'll certainly get much, much worse before it starts getting better. I guess the best we can hope for is that the kids find a way out of the hell these psychos paved for us all.
299. No human would pass that bar.
Yet you expect $20 of computing to do it.
300. This is exactly what Meredith Whittaker is saying... The 'edge conditions' outside the training data will never go away, and 'AGI' will for the foreseeable future simply mean millions in servitude teleoperating the robots, RLHFing the models or filling in the AI gaps in various ways.
301. That's a good analogy. I'm on team hand tools to power tools too.
302. I don't recall if it was an AGENT.md or CLAUDE.md but one of those was definitely in the Zed repo last time I looked at it. Someone is using AI to work on it.
303. I think it's important for people who want to write a comment like this to understand how much this sounds like you're in a cult.
304. Yep, I literally built this last night with Opus 4.5 after my wife and I challenged each other to a typing competition. I gave it direction and feedback but it wrote all the actual code. Wasn't a one shot (maybe 3-4 shot) but didn't really have to think about it all that hard.
https://chronick.github.io/typing-arena/
With another more substantial personal project (Eurorack module firmware, almost ready to release), I set up Claude Code to act as a design assistant, where I'd give it feedback on current implementation, and it would go through several rounds of design/review/design/review until I honed it down. It had several good ideas that I wouldn't have thought of otherwise (or at least would have taken me much longer to do).
Really excited to do some other projects after this one is done.
305. I've noticed a huge drop in negative comments on HN when discussing LLMs in the last 1-2 months.
All the LLM coded projects I've seen shared so far[1] have been tech toys though. I've watched things pop up on my twitter feed (usually games related), then quietly go off air before reaching a gold release (I manually keep up to date with what I've found, so it's not the algorithm).
I find this all very interesting: LLMs dont change the fundamental drives needed to build successful products. I feel like I'm observing the TikTokification of software development. I dont know why people aren't finishing. Maybe they stop when the "real work" kicks in. Or maybe they hit the limits of what LLMs can do (so far). Maybe they jump to the next idea to keep chasing the rush.
Acquiring context requires real work, and I dont see a way forward to automating that away. And to be clear, context is human needs; i.e. the reasons why someone will use your product. In the game development world, it's very difficult to overstate how much work needs to be done to create a smooth, enjoyable experience for the player.
While anyone may be able to create a suite of apps in a weekend, I think very few of them will have the patience and time to maintain them (just like software development before LLMs! i.e. Linux, open source software, etc.).
[1] yes, selection bias. There are A LOT of AI devs just marketing their LLMs. Also it's DEFINITELY too early to be certain. Take everything Im saying with a one pound grain of salt.
306. * With a slightly different set of assumption, which may or may not matter. UAT is cheap.
And data migration is lossy, becsuse nobody care the data fidelity anyway.
307. In Japan buildings (apartments) aren't built to last forever. They are built with a specific age in mind. They acknowledge the fact that houses are depreciating assets which have a value lim->0.
The only reason we don't do that with code (or didn't use to do it) was because rewriting from scratch NEVER worked[0]. And large scale refactors take massive amounts of time and resources, so much so that there are whole books written about how to do it.
But today trivial to simple applications can be rewritten from spec or scratch in an afternoon with an LLM. And even pretty complex parsers can be ported provided that the tests are robust enough[1]. It's just a metter of time someone rewrites a small to medium size application from one language to another using the previous app as the "spec".
[0] https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2000/04/06/things-you-should-...
[1] https://simonwillison.net/2025/Dec/15/porting-justhtml/
308. I know what you are talking about, but there is more to life than just product-market fit.
Hardly any of us are working on Postgres, Photoshop, blender, etc. but it's not just cope to wish we were.
It's good to think about the needs to business and the needs of society separately. Yes, the thing needs users, or no one is benefiting. But it also needs to do good for those users, and ultimately, at the highest caliber, craftsmanship starts to matter again.
There are legitimate reasons for the startup ecosystem to focus firstly and primarily on getting the users/customers. I'm not arguing against that. What I am arguing is why does the industry need to be dominated by startups in terms of the bulk of the products (not bulk of the users). It begs the question of how much societally-meaningful programming waiting to be done.
I'm hoping for a world where more end users code (vibe or otherwise) and the solve their own problems with their own software. I think that will make more a smaller, more elite software industry that is more focused on infrastructure than last-mile value capture. The question is how to fund the infrastructure. I don't know except for the most elite projects, which is not good enough for the industry (even this hypothetical smaller one) on the whole.
309. > 2. LLMs are far, far more efficient than humans in terms of resource consumption for a given task: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-76682-6 and https://cacm.acm.org/blogcacm/the-energy-footprint-of-humans ...
I want to push back on this argument, as it seems suspect given that none of these tools are creating profit, and so require funds / resources that are essentially coming from the combined efforts of much of the economy. I.e. the energy externalities here are monstrous and never factored into these things, even though these models could never have gotten off the ground if not for the massive energy expenditures that were (and continue to be) needed to sustain the funding for these things.
To simplify, LLMs haven't clearly created the value they have promised, but have eaten up massive amounts of capital / value produced by everyone else. But producing that capital had energy costs too. Whether or not all this AI stuff ends up being more energy efficient than people needs to be measured on whether AI actually delivers on its promises and recoups the investments.
EDIT: I.e. it is wildly unclear at this point that if we all pivot to AI that, economy-wide, we will produce value at a lower energy cost, and, even if we grant that this will eventually happen, it is not clear how long that will take. And sure, humans have these costs too, but humans have a sort of guaranteed potential future value, whereas the value of AI is speculative. So comparing energy costs of the two at this frozen moment in time just doesn't quite feel right to me.
310. https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~gamvrosi/thelastq.html
311. The human still has to manage complexity. A properly modularized and maintainable code base is much easier for the LLM to operate on — but the LLM has difficulty keeping the code base in that state without strong guidance.
Putting “Make minimal changes” in my standard prompt helped a lot with the tendency of basically all agents to make too many changes at once. With that addition it became possible to direct the LLM to make something similar to the logical progression of commits I would have made anyway, but now don’t have to work as hard at crafting.
Most of the hype merchants avoid the topic of maintainability because they’re playing to non-technical management skeptical of the importance of engineering fundamentals. But everything I’ve experienced so far working with LLMs screams that the fundamentals are more important than ever.
312. The problem is that this is unfalsifiable. I could equally say that any recent events has caused a chain of events leading to anything I dream up ... But we won't see the effects yet. It's a nonsense hypothesis since it can't be falsified.
313. I'm not super surprised that these examples worked well. They are complex and a ton of work, but the problems are relatively well defined with tons of documentation online. Sounds ideal for an LLM no?
314. Give it another 10 years if the "LLM as compiler" people get their way.
315. Another thing that gets me with projects like this, there are already many examples of image converters, minesweeper clones etc that you can just fork on GitHub, the value of the LLM here is largely just stripping the copyright off
316. I'd argue the contrary, YOU KNOW you have the option, ease of entering doesn't mean they will know how to choose better, they will just vibe code more electron apps. In fact my prediction is not there will be less Electron apps but more
317. It could be really beneficial for Anthropic to showcase how they use their own product; since they're developers already, they're probably dogfooding their product, and the effort required should be minimal.
- A lot of skeptics have complained that AI companies aren't specific about how they use their products, and this would be a great example of specificity.
- It could serve as a tutorial for people who are unfamiliar with coding agents.
- The video might not convince people who have already made up their minds, but at least you could point to it as a primary source of information.
318. I agree with you (and surprisingly so does Warren Buffet [1] if anyone doubts it). To add insult to the injury, I believe that people have lost some sense of basic self preservation instinct. Well being of ordinary people is being directly threatened and all that average person can do is to pick one of several social media camp identities you mentioned and hope that it will somehow pan out for them, while in fact they are at total mercy of the capricious owners class.
[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMD17EIk22c
319. Most legacy apps are barely understood by anyone, and yet continue to generate value and and are (somehow) kept alive.
320. If that is true; then all the commentary around software people having jobs still due to "taste" and other nice words is just that. Commentary. In the end the higher level stuff still needs someone to learn it (e.g. learning ASX2 architecture, knowing what tech to work with); but it requires IMO significantly less practice then coding which in itself was a gate. The skill morphs more into a tech expert rather than a coding expert.
I'm not sure what this means for the future of SWE's though yet. I don't see higher levels of staff in big large businesses bothering to do this, and at some scale I don't see founders still wanting to manage all of these agents, and processes (got better things to do at higher levels). But I do see the barrier of learning to code gone; meaning it probably becomes just like any other job.
321. > I really wonder what means for software moving forward.
It means that it is going to be as easy to create software as it is to create a post on TikTok, and making your software commercially successful will be basically the same task (with the same uncontrollable dynamics) as whether or not your TikTok post goes viral.
322. I feel similar, I'm not against the idea that maybe LLMs have gotten so much better... but I've been told this probably 10 times in the last few years working with AI daily.
The funny part about rapidly changing industries is that, despite the fomo, there's honestly not any reward to keeping up unless you want to be a consultant. Otherwise, wait and see what sticks. If this summer people are still citing the Opus 4.5 was a game changing moment and have solid, repeatable workflows, then I'll happily change up my workflow.
Someone could walk into the LLM space today and wouldn't be significantly at a loss for not having paid attention to anything that had happened in the last 4 years other than learning what has stuck since then.
323. It's always fun to ask Opus what it thinks about articles like this. Here's what I got with no history or system prompt:
https://burkeholland.github.io/posts/opus-4-5-change-everyth...
Read this article and ultrathink critically about it. Provide your perspective.
The article makes a strong experiential case for improved velocity in AI-assisted development but contains several argumentation weaknesses and conflations worth examining.
The projects described are legitimately non-trivial: Firebase backend integration, Facebook OAuth, iOS apps in Swift (a language the author doesn't know), GitHub Actions pipelines, scheduled cloud functions. Getting these working in hours rather than weeks represents a real capability shift. The author is honest about his limitations and uncertainties, particularly the security concerns.
Where the argument breaks down:
1. "Replace developers" vs "dramatically augment developers"
The author's own workflow contradicts the headline claim. He's still:
Making architectural decisions (choosing Firebase)
Handling errors Opus couldn't see (XAML via Visual Studio)
Writing custom prompts to shape output quality
Manually auditing security
Making product and UX decisions
This is developer work. The tool changed; the role didn't disappear.
2. The 80% security confidence undermines his thesis
He admits he's shipping apps with "80% confidence" in security and calls it "too damn low." This is the crux: the AI accelerated production but didn't replace the judgment required to responsibly ship production software. The velocity gain exposed a competence gap rather than closing it.
3. Sample bias in project selection
All examples are:
Greenfield (no existing codebase)
Single developer
Personal/family use
Standard patterns with excellent documentation (Firebase, SwiftUI, React Native)
No regulatory, compliance, or scale requirements
No team collaboration or handoff considerations
These constraints define a specific problem space where AI excels. Extrapolating to "developers are replaceable" ignores the majority of professional software work.
4. "Code doesn't need human readability" is underbaked
His argument is circular: "Why optimize for human readability when the AI is doing all the work?" But:
His 80% security confidence exists because he can't read the code
He had to use external tools (VS) when Opus couldn't diagnose errors
What happens when context windows are exceeded and the LLM loses track?
Model behavior changes between versions; human-readable code is version-agnostic
The custom prompt he shares actually encodes many good engineering practices (minimal coupling, explicit state, linear control flow) that benefit LLMs and humans. The "no comments needed" claim conflates what's optimal for LLM regeneration with what's optimal for debugging production issues at 3am.
What's actually being demonstrated
The honest version of this article would be: Opus 4.5 dramatically compresses the gap between "can write code" and "can ship a personal app" for a specific class of greenfield projects. That's genuinely transformative for hobbyists, indie developers, and people solving their own problems.
But that's different from "replacing developers." The article demonstrates a power tool; power tools don't eliminate tradespeople.
324. I didn't mean to do some snide anticaptialism. Making new Postgreses and blenders is really hard. I don't think the startup ecosystem does a very good job, but I don't assume central planning would do a much better job either.
(The method I have the most confidence in is some sort of mixed system where there is non-profit, state-planned, and startup software development all at once.)
Markets are a tool, a means to the end. I think they're very good, I'm a big fan! But they are not an excuse not to think about the outcome we want.
I'm confident that the outcome I don't want is where most software developers are trying to find demand for their work, pivoting etc. it's very "pushing a string" or "cart before the horse". I want more "pull" where the users/benefiaries of software are better able to dictate or create themselves what they want, rather than being helpless until a pivoting engineer finds it for them.
Basically start-up culture has combined theories of exogenous growth from technology change, and a baseline assumption that most people are and will remain hopelessly computer illiterate, into an ideology that assumes the best software is always "surprising", a paradigm shift, etc.
Startups that make libraries/tools for other software developers are fortunately a good step in undermining these "the customer is an idiot and the product will be better than they expect" assumptions. That gives me hope we're reach a healthier mix of push and pull. Wild successes are always disruptive, but that shouldn't mean that the only success is wild, or trying to "act disruptive before wild success" ("manifest" paradigm shifts!) is always the best means to get there.
325. If everything changes every month, then stuff you learn next month would be obsolete in two months. This is a response to people saying "adapt or be left behind". There's so much thrashing that if you're not interested with the SOTA, you can just wait for everything to calm down and pick it up then.
326. We just need to tax the hell out of the AI companies (assuming they are ever profitable) since all their gains are built on plundering the collective wisdom of humanity.
327. One thing I've been tossing around in my head is:
- How quickly is cost of refactor to a new pattern with functional parity going down?
- How does that change the calculus around tech debt?
If engineering uses 3 different abstractions in inconsistent ways that leak implementation details across components and duplicate functionality in ways that are very hard to reason about, that is, in conventional terms, an existential problem that might kill the entire business, as all dev time will end up consumed by bug fixes and dealing with pointless complexity, velocity will fall to nothing, and the company will stop being able to iterate.
But if claude can reliably reorganize code, fix patterns, and write working migrations for state when prompted to do so, it seems like the entire way to reason about tech debt has changed. And it has changed more if you are willing to bet that models within a year will be much better at such tasks.
And in my experience, claude is imperfect at refactors and still requires review and a lot of steering, but it's one of the things it's better at, because it has clear requirements and testing workflows already built to work with around the existing behavior. Refactoring is definitely a hell of a lot faster than it used to be, at least on the few I've dealt with recently.
In my mind it might be kind of like thinking about financial debt in a world with high inflation, in that the debt seems like it might get cheaper over time rather than more expensive.
328. I tried generating code with ChatGPT 5.2, but the results weren't that great:
1) It often overcomplicates things for me. After I refactor its code, it's usually half the size and much more readable. It often adds unnecessary checks or mini-features 'just in case' that I don't need.
2) On the other hand, almost every function it produces has at least one bug or ignores at least one instruction. However, if I ask it to review its own code several times, it eventually finds the bugs.
I still find it very useful, just not as a standalone programming agent. My workflow is that ChatGPT gives me a rough blueprint and I iterate on it myself, I find this faster and less error-prone. It's usually most useful in areas where I'm not an expert, such as when I don't remember exact APIs. In areas where I can immediately picture the entire implementation in my head, it's usually faster and more reliable to write the code myself.
329. To those of you who use it: How much does Claude Code cost you a month on avg?
I only use VS Code with Copilot subscription ($10) and already get quite a lot out of it.
My experience is that Claude Code really drains your pocket extremely fast.
330. > The above is a software engineering problem. Reimplementing a JSON parser using Opus is not fun nor useful, so that should not be used as a metric.
I've also built a bitorrent implementation from the specs in rust where I'm keeping the binary under 1MB. It supports all active and accepted BEPs: https://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0000.html
Again, I literally don't know how to write a hello world in rust.
I also vibe coded a trading system that is connected to 6 trading venues. This was a fun weekend project but it ended up making +20k of pure arbitrage with just 10k of working capital. I'm not sure this proves my point, because while I don't consider myself a programmer, I did use Python, a language that I'm somewhat familiar with.
So yeah, I get what you are saying, but I don't agree. I used highload as an example, because it is an objective way of showing that a combination of LLM/agents with some guidance (from someone with no prior experience in this type of high performing architecture) was able to beat all human software developers that have taken these challenges.
331. You know that language had to emerge at some point? LLMs can only do anything because they have been fed on human data. Humans actually had to collectively come up with languages /without/ anything to copy since there was a time before language.
332. How did he not share code if you're working together?
333. What would be more likely,
That people making startups is too bussy working to share it on HN or that AI is useless in real projects.
334. In my experience these models (including opus) aren’t very good at “improving” existing code. I’m not exactly sure why, because the code they produce themselves is generally excellent.
335. The saying is more or less treated as a truism at this point. OP isn't claiming something original and the onus of proving it isn't on them imo.
I've heard this same thing repeated dozens of times, and for different domains/industries.
It's really just a variation of the 80/20 rule.
336. Totally.
337. To be fair, you're not supposed to be doing the "one shot" thing with LLMs in a mature codebase.
You have to supply it the right context with a well formed prompt, get a plan, then execute and do some cleanup.
LLMs are only as good as the engineers using them, you need to master the tool first before you can be productive with it.
338. A CV for the disappearing job market as you shovel money into a oligarchy.
339. Cursor's planning functionality is very similar and I have found that I can even use "cheap" models like their Composer-1 and get great results in the planning phase, and then turn on Sonnet or Opus to actually produce the plan. 90% of the stuff I need to argue about is during the planning phase, so I save a ton of tokens and rework just making a really good spec.
It turns out that Waterfall was always the correct method, it's just really slow ;)
340. If you have microservices architecture in your project you are set for AI. You can swap out any lacking, legacy microservice in your system with "greenfield" vibecoded one.
341. I find my sweet spot is using the Claude web app as a rubber duck as well as feeding it snippets of code and letting it help me refine the specific thing I'm doing.
When I use Claude Code I find that it *can* add a tremendous amount of ability due to its ability to see my entire codebase at once, but the issue is that if I'm doing something where seeing my entire codebase would help that it blasts through my quota too fast. And if I'm tightly scoping it, it's just as easy & faster for me to use the website.
Because of this I've shifted back to the website. I find that I get more done faster that way.
342. You don't need BEAM languages. I'm using Java and I always write my code in "let it crash" style, to spend time on happy paths and avoid spending time on error handling. I think that's the only sane way to write code and it hurts me to see all the useless error handling code people write.
343. I think there is a subjective difference. When a human builds dogshit at least you know they put some effort and the hours in.
When I'm reading piles of LLM slop, I know that just reading it is already more effort than it took to write. It feels like I'm being played.
This is entirely subjective and emotional. But when someone writes something with an LLM in 5 seconds and asks me to spend hours reviewing...fuck off.
344. I'm curious: With that much Claude Code usage, does that put your monthly Anthropic bill above $1000/mo?
345. By "the website" do you mean you're copy pasting, or are you using the code system where Anthropic clones your code from GitHub and interacts with it in a VM/container for you.
346. With all due respect somebody could launch a version of Discord that's 10x faster tomorrow and nobody would know about it
It's very difficult to unseat those incumbents, especially those with strong network effects.
Plus the people that work in those larger companies are not at the edge of AI coding at all and not motivated to rock the boat
347. I totally agree. And welcome to disposable software age.
348. Does anyone have a boring, multi-hour-long coding session with an agent that they've recorded and put on Vimeo or something?
As many other commentators have said, individual results vary extremely widely. I'd love to be able to look at the footage of either someone who claims a 10x productivity increase, or someone who claims no productivity increase, to see what's happening.
349. I see these posts left and right but no one mentions the _actual_ thing developers are hired for, responsibility. You could use whatever tools to aid coding already, even copy paste from StackOverflow or take whole boilerplate projects from Github already. No AI will take responsibility for code or fix a burning issue that arises because of it. The amount of "responsibility takers" also increases linearly with the size of the codebase / amount of projects.
350. > but I dislike it when they attack my use of AI as a skill issue.
No one attacked your use of AI. I explained my own experience with the "Claude Opus 4.5 is next tier". You barged in, ignored anything I said, and attacked my skills.
> the workplace is going to punish people who don't leverage AI though, and I'm trying to be helpful.
So what exactly is helpful in your comments?
351. In my experience, using LLMs to code encouraged me to write better documentation, because I can get better results when I feed the documentation to the LLM.
Also, I've noticed failure modes in LLM coding agents when there is less clarity and more complexity in abstractions or APIs. It's actually made me consider simplifying APIs so that the LLMs can handle them better.
Though I agree that in specific cases what's helpful for the model and what's helpful for humans won't always overlap. Once I actually added some comments to a markdown file as note to the LLM that most human readers wouldn't see, with some more verbose examples.
I think one of the big problems in general with agents today is that if you run the agent long enough they tend to "go off the rails", so then you need to babysit them and intervene when they go off track.
I guess in modern parlance, maintaining a good codebase can be framed as part of a broader "context engineering" problem.
352. Honestly, I don’t understand universal praise for Opus 4.5. It’s good, but really not better than other agents.
Just today:
Opus 4.5 Extended Thinking designed psql schema for “stream updates after snapshot” with bugs.
Grok Heavy gave correct solution without explanations.
ChatGPT 5.2 Pro gave correct solution and also explained why simpler way wouldn’t work.
353. The snide and patronizing is your projection. It kinda makes me sad when the discourse is so poisoned that I can't even encourage someone to protect their own future from something that's obviously coming (technical merits aside, purely based on social dynamics).
It seems the subject of AI is emotionally charged for you, so I expect friendly/rational discourse is going to be a challenge. I'd say something nice but since you're primed to see me being patronizing... Fuck you? That what you were expecting?
354. Side tangent: On one hand I have a subtle fondness for PHP, perhaps because it was the first programming language I ever “learned” (self taught, throwing spaghetti on the wall) back in high school when LAMP stacks were all the rage.
But in retrospect it’s absolutely baffling that mixing raw SQL queries with HTML tag soup wasn’t necessarily uncommon then. Also, I haven’t met many PHP developers that I’d recommend for a PHP job.
355. Finally we've invented a compiler that we can yell at when it gives bullshit errors. I really missed that with gcc.
356. There are multiple Python 3 interpreters written in JavaScript that were very likely included in the training data. For example [1] [2] [3]
I once gave Claude (Opus 3.5) a problem that I thought was for sure too difficult for an LLM, and much to my surprise it spat out a very convincing solution. The surprising part was I was already familiar with the solution - because it was almost a direct copy/paste (uncredited) from a blog post that I read only a few hours earlier. If I hadn't read that blog post, I would have been none the wiser that copy/pasting Claude's output would be potential IP theft. I would have to imagine that LLMs solve a lot of in-training-set problems this way and people never realize they are dealing with a copyright/licensing minefield.
A more interesting and convincing task would be to write a Python 3 interpeter in JavaScript that uses register based bytecode instead of stack based, supports optimizing the bytecode by inlining procedures and constant folding, and never allocates memory (all work is done in a single user provided preallocated buffer). This would require integrating multiple disparate coding concepts and not regurgitating prior art from the training data
[1] https://github.com/skulpt/skulpt
[2] https://github.com/brython-dev/brython
[3] https://github.com/yzyzsun/PyJS
357. But that doesn't really matter and it shows how confused people really are about how a coding agent like Claude or OSS models are actually created -- the system can learn on its own without simply mimicking existing codebases even though scraped/licensed/commissioned code traces are part of the training cycle.
Training looks like:
- Pretraining (all data, non-code, etc, include everything including garbage)
- Specialized pre-training (high quality curated codebases, long context -- synthetic etc)
- Supervised Fine Tuning (SFT) -- these are things like curated prompt + patch pairs, curated Q/A (like stack overflow, people are often cynical that this is done unethically but all of the major players are in fact very risk adverse and will simply license and ensure they have legal rights),
- Then more SFT for tool use -- actual curated agentic and human traces that are verified to be correct or at least produce the correct output.
- Then synthetic generation / improvement loops -- where you generate a bunch of data and filter the generations that pass unit tests and other spec requirements , followed by RL using verifiable rewards + possibly preference data to shape the vibes
- Then additional steps for e.g. safety, etc
So synthetic data is not a problem and is actually what explains the success coding models are having and why people are so focused on them and why "we're running out of data" is just a misunderstanding of how things work. It's why you don't see the same amount of focus on other areas (e.g. creative writing, art etc) that don't have verifiable rewards.
The
Agent --> Synthetic data --> filtering --> new agent --> better synthetic data --> filtering --> even better agent
flywheel is what you're seeing today so we definitely don't have any reason to suspect there is some sort of limit to this because there is in principle infinite data
358. it does if you feed docs.
just like humans
359. The most effective kind of marketing is viral word of mouth from users who love your product. And Claude Code is benefiting from that dynamic.
360. This sounds like magical thinking.
For one, there are objectively detrimental ways to organize code: tight coupling, lots of mutable shared state, etc. No matter who or what reads or writes the code, such code is more error-prone, and more brittle to handle.
Then, abstractions are tools to lower the cognitive load. Good abstractions reduce the total amount of code written, allow to reason about the code in terms of these abstractions, and do not leak in the area of their applicability. Say Sequence, or Future, or, well, function are examples of good abstractions. No matter what kind of cognitive process handles the code, it benefits from having to keep a smaller amount of context per task.
"Code structure does not matter, LLMs will handle it" sounds a bit like "Computer architectures don't matter, the Turing Machine is proved to be able to handle anything computable at all". No, these things matter if you care about resource consumption (aka cost) at the very least.
361. But have you actually thoroughly checked the documentation it generated? My experience suggests it can often be subtly wrong.
362. To the sceptics still saying that LLMs still can't solve "slime mold pathing algorithm and creating completely new shoe-lacing patterns" (literally a quote from a different comment here), please consider something we've learnt over and over again in history: good enough and cheap will destroy perfect but expensive.
And then cheap and good enough option will eventually get better because that's the one that is more used.
It's how Japanese manufacturing beat Western manufacturing. And how Chinese manufacturing then beat Japanese again.
It's why it's much more likely you are using the Linux kernel and not GNU hurd.
It's how digital cameras left traditional film based cameras in the dust.
Bet on the cheaper and good enough outcome.
Bet against it at your peril.
363. > ... Proceeds to explain how it's crippled and all the workarounds you have to do to make it less crippled.
No - that's not what I did.
You don't need an extra-long context full of irrelevant tokens. Claude doesn't need to see the code it implemented 40 steps ago in a working method from Phase 1 if it is on Phase 3 and not using that method. It doesn't need reasoning traces for things it already "thought" through.
This other information is cluttering , not helpful. It is making signal to noise ratio worse.
If Claude needs to know something it did in Phase 1 for Phase 4 it will put a note on it in the living markdown document to simply find it again when it needs it.
364. What did you build? I think people talk passed eachother when people don't share what exactly they were trying to do and achieving success/failure.
365. By the time I have figured out all those quirks and guardrails I could have done it myself in 45min tops.
366. you can build it and simply use it in your own office? There is no need to shout about it if the cost of writing software goes to zero (but the value remains non-zero!).
367. Ok, if its almighty, then why is not the benchmarks at 100%? If you look at the individual issues, those are somewhat small and trivial changes in existing codebases.
https://swe-rebench.com/
(note that if you look at individual slices, Opus is getting often outperformed by Sonnet).
368. This resonates with my experience in codex 5.2, at least directionally. I'm pretty persnickety about code itself, so I'm not to the point where I'll just let it rip. But in the last month or two things have gone from "I'll ask on the web interface and maybe copy some code into the project", to trusting the agent and getting a reasonable starting point about half the time.
> because models like to write code WAY more than they like to delete it
Yeah, this is the big one. I haven't figured it out either. New or changing requirements are almost always implemented a flurry of if/else branches all over the place, rather than taking the time for a step back and a reimagining of a cohesive integration of old and new. I've had occasional luck asking for this explicitly, but far more frequently they'll respond with recommendations that are far more mechanical, e.g. "you could extract a function for these two lines of code that you repeat twice", not architectural, in nature. (I still find pasting a bunch of files into the chat interface and iterating on refinements conversationally to be faster and produce better results).
That said, I'm convinced now that it'll get there sooner or later. At that point, I really don't know what purpose SWEs will serve. For a while we might serve as go-betweens between the coding agent and PMs, but LLMs are already way better at translating from tech jargon to human, so I can't imagine it would be long before product starts bypassing us and talking directly to the agents, who (err, which) can respond with various design alternatives, pros and cons of each, identify all the dependencies, possible compatibility concerns, alignment with future direction, migration time, compute cost, user education and adoption tracking, etc, all in real time in fluent PM-ese. IDK what value I add to that equation.
For the last year or so I figured we'd probably hit a wall before AI got to that point, but over the last month or so, I'm convinced it's only a matter of time.
369. Yes, but my junior coworkers also don't reliably do edge case testing for user errors either unless specifically tasked to do so, likely with a checklist of specific kinds of user errors they need to check for.
And it turns out the quality of output you get from both the humans and the models is highly correlated with the quality of the specification you write before you start coding.
Letting a model run amok within the constraints of your spec is actually great for specification development! You get instant feedback of what you wrongly specified or underspecified. On top of this, you learn how to write specifications where critical information that needs to be used together isn't spread across thousands of pages - thinking about context windows when writing documentation is useful for both human and AI consumers.
370. I'll argue many of his cases are things that are straightforward except for the boilerplate that surrounds them which are often emotionally difficult or prone to rabbit holes.
Like that first one where he writes a right-click handler, off the top of my head I have no idea how I would do that, I could see it taking a few hours to just set up a dev environment, and I would probably overthink the research. I was working on something where Junie suggested I write a browser extension for Firefox and I was initially intimidated at the thought but it banged out something in just a few minutes that basically worked after the second prompt.
Similarly the Facebook autoposter is completely straightforward to code but it can be so emotionally exhausting to fight with authentication APIs, a big part of the coding agent story isn't just that it saves you time but that they can be strong when you are emotionally weak.
The one which seems the hardest is the one that does the routing and travel time estimation which I'd imagine is calling out to some API or library. I used to work at a place that did sales territory optimization and we had one product that would help work out routes for sales and service people who travel from customer to customer and we had a specialist code that stuff in C++ and he had a very different viewpoint than me, he was good at what he did and could get that kind of code to run fast but I wouldn't have trusted him to even look at applications code.
371. More than half. What has anyone written that was truly new? Regardless, if you have an idea, you will build it out of some combination of conditionals, loops, and expressions… turns out agents are pretty good at those things, even when the idea you’re expressing is novel.
372. at this point I would suggest getting a $20 subscription to start, seeing if you can expense it
the tooling is almost as important as the model
373. I've spent quite a bit of time with Codex recently and come to the conclusion that you can't simply say "Let's add custom video controls around ReactPlayer." You need to follow up with a set of strict requirements to set expectations, guard rails, and what the final product should do (and not do). Even then it may have a few issues, but continuing to prompt with clearly stated problems that don't meet the requirements (or you forgot to include) usually clears it up.
Code that would have taken me a week to write is done in about 10 minutes. It's likely on average better than what I could personally write as a novice-mid level programmer.
374. > it was much easier to complete the fix starting from something 90% working than 0%.
As an expert now though, it is genuinely easier and faster to complete the work starting from 0 than to modify something junky. The realplayer example above I could do much faster, correctly, than I could figure out what the AI code was trying to do with all the effects and refactor it correctly. This is why I don't use AI for programming.
And for the cases where I'm not skilled, I would prefer to just gain skill, even though it takes longer than using the AI.
375. To be fair that’s what I’d have done had I had to build it. Use a lot of examples etc and build on what other people have done
376. Exactly, imagine if someone gave you a 100k LOC project and said improve anything you can.
377. I feel weird when I read comments that have words like "force mulitplier". This sounds like an LLM comment. But you probably are a real person. So are you just becoming more like an LLM because you interact with it so much, or did you always talk like this and LLMs are just replicating that behavior?
378. Why would anyone buy the novel?
379. Doing things for your own use, where you are taking all the risks, is perfectly fine.
As soon as you try to sell it to me, you have a duty of care. You are not meeting that duty of care with this ignorant and reckless way of working.
380. People put up with what they have to put up with. Many millions of people have lived and suffered under totalitarian regimes with basically zero options to do anything about it. I think that's where we're headed and by the time a sufficient amount of people realise how bad their situation is, the moment to do anything about it will have long since passed. There will be no cavalry riding to the rescue this time.
381. How conveniently you forgot about the most impotant things for a product to make money - marketing and the network effect....
382. most of software engineering was rational, now it is becoming empirical
it is quite strange, you have to make it write the code in a way it can reason about it without it reading it, you also have to feel the code without reading all of it. like a blind man feeling the shape of an object; Shape from Darkness
you can ask opus to make a car, it will give you a car, then you ask it for navigation; no problem, it uses google maps works perfect
then you ask it to improve the breaks, and it will give internet to the tires and the break pedal, and the pedal will send a signal via ipv6 to the tires which will enable a very well designed local breaking system, why not, we already have internet for google maps.
i think the new software engineering is 10 times harder than the old one :)
383. php was still fundamentally a programming language you had to learn. This is “I wanted to make a program for my wife to do something she doesn’t have time to do manually” but made quickly with a machine. It’s probably going to do for programming what the Jacquard Loom did for cloth. Make it cheap enough that everyone can have lots of different shirts of their own style.
384. > Yet no better vscode, still bloated teams etc etc
Why do you assume that Microsoft would focus on building a better (to you) VSCode or less bloated Teams?
I assume they'd use Github Copilot to make a more profitable VSCode and Teams, which doesn't require focusing on speed and bloat.
385. Programming without flow state. Nice.
386. The same way that having motorized farming equipment was a race to the bottom for farmers? Perhaps. Turned out to be a good outcome for most involved.
Just like farmers who couldn't cope with the additional leverage their equipment provided them, devs who can't leverage this technology will have to "go to the cities".
387. I just did something similar and it went swimmingly by doing this: Keep the plan and status in an md file. Tell it to finish one file at a time and run tests and fix issues and then to ask whether to proceed with the next file. You can then easily start a new chat with the same instructions and plan and status if the context gets poisoned.
388. Agreed! LLMs are a force multiplier for real products too. They're going to augment people who are willing to do the real work.
But, Im also wondering if LLMs are going to create a new generation of software dev "brain rot" (to use the colloquial term), similar to short form videos.
I should mention in the gamedev world, it's quite common share because sharing is marketing, hence my perspective.
389. I don't know about GPT4 but the latest one (GPT 5.2) has 200k context window while Gemini has 1m, five times higher. You'll be wanting to stay within the first 100k on all of them to avoid hitting quotas very quickly though (either start a new task or compact when you reach that) so in practice there's no difference.
I've been cycling between a couple of $20 accounts to avoid running out of quota and the latest of all of them are great. I'd give GPT 5.2 codex the slight edge but not by a lot.
The latest Claude is about the same too but the limits on the $20 plan are too low for me to bother with.
The last week has made me realize how close these are to being commodities already. Even the CLI the agents are nearly the same bar some minor quirks (although I've hit more bugs in Gemini CLI but each time I can just save a checkpoint and restart).
The real differentiating factor right now is quota and cost.
390. ahahahaha so many implications in this comment
391. Yes, I understand it very well.
The main advantage is I can run it in parallel and iterate often.
The speed up is also avoiding looking up reference manuals endlessly just to produce some Qt Widgets.
I’m a fairly recent convert, I only started “vibe coding” a couple of months ago, after hearing how good Opus was. I had been a skeptic until then.
I am a decentralist by nature and prefer open standards and self hosting. I’ve had my own *nix servers since I was twelve (nearing forty) so it really pains me to admit how good it is to use these corporate products.
I am not a programmer by trade.
I use it to write software for my domain of expertise. The value of what I am creating is enormous.
Both ChatGPT and Claude produce good code, in my opinion.
392. > I’m writing some (for me) seriously advanced software that would have taken me months to write, in weeks, using Claude and ChatGPT.
Do you understand the code?
What was the speed up from months to weeks? You just didn't know what to type? Or you didn't know the problem domain? Or you found it hard to 'start' and the AI writing boiler plate gave you motivation?
In my experience with AI tools, it only really helps with ideation, most things it produces need heavy tweaking - to the point that there is no time savings. It's probably a net negative because I am spending all of my time thinking how to explain things to a dumb computer, rather than thinking about how to solve the problem.
393. The type of people to use AI are necessarily the people who will struggle most when it comes time to do the last essential 20% of the work that AI can't do. Once thinking is required to bring all the parts into a whole, the person who gives over their thinking skills to AI will not be equipped to do the work, either because they never had the capacity to begin with or because AI has smoothed out the ripples of their brain. I say this from experience.
394. i’ve become convinced that the devs that talk about having to fix the code are the same ones that would make incredibly poor managers. when you manage a team you need to be focused on the effect of the code not the small details.
this sort of developer in a pair programming exercise would find themselves flustered at how a junior approached problem solving and just fix it themselves. i strongly suspect the loss of a feeling of control is at play here.
395. Follow up: Opus is also great for doing the planning work before you start. You can use plan mode or just do it in a web chat and have them create all of the necessary files based on your explanation. The advantage of using plan mode is that they can explore the codebase in order to get a better understanding of things. The default at the end of plan mode is to go straight into implementation but if you're planning a large refactor or other significant work then I'd suggest having them produce the documentation outlined above instead and then following the workflow using a new session each time. You could use plan mode at the start of each session but I don't find this necessary most of the time unless I'm deviating from the initial plan.
396. You enter some text and a computer spits out complex answers generated on the spot
Right or wrong - doesn’t matter. You typed in a line of text and now your computer is making 3000 word stories, images, even videos based on it
How are you NOT astounded by that? We used to have NONE of this even 4 years ago!
397. Yeah we're not too far from agreement here.
Something I think though (which, again, I could very well be wrong about; uncertainty is the only certainly right now) is that "so the person after me would have a good clean idea of what is going on" is also going to continue mattering even when that "person" is often an AI. It might be different, clarity might mean something totally different for AIs than for humans, but right now I think a good expectation is that clarity to humans is also useful to AIs. So at the moment I still spend time coaxing the AI to write things clearly.
That could turn out to be wasted time, but who knows. I also think if it as a hedge against the risk that we hit some point where the AIs turn out to be bad at maintaining their own crap, at which point it would be good for me to be able to understand and work with what has been written!
398. This is very true. But each iteration of learning quirks and installing guardrails carries value forward to later sessions. These rough edges get smoother with use, is my point.
399. On the contrary, Opus 4.5 is the best agent I’ve ever used for making cohesive changes across many files in a large, existing codebase. It maintains our patterns and looks like all the other code. Sometimes it hiccups for sure.
400. Wake me up at Opus 12
401. Opus 4.5 burns through tokens really fast.
402. UBI (from taxing big tech) and retraining. In the U.S they'll have enough money to do this and it will still suck and many people won't recover the extreme loss of status and income (after we've been told our income and status are the most important things in life it's gonna be very hard for people to adapt to the loss of it).
Countries like India and Philipines and Ukraine which are basically knowledge support hub without much original knowledge of their own yeah this is gonna be something for sure. Quite depressing.
403. And that's what the C-suite wants to know. Prepare yourself to be replaced in the not so distant future. Hope you have a good "nest" to support yourself when you're inevitably fired.
404. One problem with the idea of making businesses out of this kind of application is actually mentioned in passing in the article
"I decided to make up for my dereliction of duties by building her another app for her sign business that would make her life just a bit more delightful - and eliminate two other apps she is currently paying for"
OP used Opus to re-write existing applications that his wife was paying for. So now any time you make a commercial app and try to sell it, you're up against everyone with access to Opus or similar tooling who can replicate your application, exactly to their own specifications.
405. Because I want correct answers.
406. I trust my offshore engineers way more than the slop I get from the "AI"s. My team makes my life a lot easier, because I know they know what they are doing. The LLMs, not so much.
407. Up until now, no business has been built on tools and technology that no one understands. I expect that will continue.
Given that, I expect that, even if AI is writing all of the code, we will still need people around who understand it.
If AI can create and operate your entire business, your moat is nil. So, you not hiring software engineers does not matter, because you do not have a business.
408. > The hard thing about engineering is not "building a thing that works", its building it the right way, in an easily understood way, in a way that's easily extensible.
You’re talking like in the year 2026 we’re still writing code for future humans to understand and improve.
I fear we are not doing that. Right now, Opus 4.5 is writing code that later Opus 5.0 will refactor and extend. And so on.
409. Faster, faster, faster. All to release something that is slower, by people that now know lesser, with bloat that explodes. All for a yet another useless saas that nobody or fee people wants and a chance to virtue signaling your vibe coded product on HN. Real world successfull products are orthogonal to this approach, it doesnt work anymore in today's world
410. In fact, like the author of the comment said, can just generated toys and experimental projects. I'm all in for experiments and exploring ideas, but I have yet to see a great product all vibe coded. All I see is a constand decline in software quality
411. Isn't this a meaningless example? Formatters already exist. Generating code that doesn't need to be formatted is exactly the same as generating code and then formatting it.
I care about the norms in my codebase that can't be automatically enforced by machine. How is state managed? How are end-to-end tests written to minimize change detectors? When is it appropriate to log something?
412. If you refuse to use what you call workarounds and I call long term memory then you end up with a guy from Memento and regardless of how smart the model is it can end up making same mistakes. And that's why you can't tell the difference between smarter and dumber one while others can.
413. The more explicit/detailed your plan, the more context it uses up, the less accurate and generally functional it is. Don't get me wrong, it's amazing, but on a complex problem with large enough context it will consistently shit the bed.
414. Yes LLMs aren't very good at architecture. I suspect because the average project online has pretty bad architecture. The training set is poisoned.
It's kind of bittersweet for me because I was dreaming of becoming a software architect when I graduated university and the role started disappearing so I never actually became one!
But the upside of this is that now LLMs suck at software architecture... Maybe companies will bring back the software architect role?
The training set has been totally poisoned from the architecture PoV. I don't think LLMs (as they are) will be able to learn software architecture now because the more time passes, the more poorly architected slop gets added online and finds its way into the training set.
Good software architecture tends to be additive, as opposed to subtractive. You start with a clean slate then build up from there.
It's almost impossible to start with a complete mess of spaghetti code and end up with a clean architecture... Spaghetti code abstractions tend to mislead you and lead you astray... It's like; understanding spaghetti code tends to soil your understanding of the problem domain. You start to think of everything in terms of terrible leaky abstraction and can't think of the problem clearly.
It's hard even for humans to look at a problem through fresh eyes; it's likely even harder for LLMs to do it. For example, if you use a word in a prompt, the LLM tends to try to incorporate that word into the solution... So if the AI sees a bunch of leaky abstractions in the code; it will tend to try to work with them as opposed to removing them and finding better abstractions. I see this all the time with hacks; if the code is full of hacks, then an LLM tends to produce hacks all the time and it's almost impossible to make it address root causes... Also hacks tend to beget more hacks.
415. Do people really see a CV and read "computer mommy made me a program" and think it's impressive
416. it is happening, just not everywhere at the same time at once
417. I also love how AI enthusiasts just ignore the issue of exhausted training data... You cant just magically create more training data. Also synthetic training data reduces the quality of models.
418. > For LLMs long term memory is achieved by tooling. Which you discounted in your previous comments.
My specific complaint, which is an observable fact about "Opus 4.5 is next tier": it has the same crippled context that degrades the quality of the model as soon as it fills 50%.
EMM_386: no-no-no, it's not crippled. All you have to do is keep track across multiple files, clear out context often, feed very specific information not to overflow context.
Me: so... it's crippled, and you need multiple workarounds
scotty79: After all it's the same as your own short-term memory, and <some unspecified tooling (I guess those same files)> provide long-term memory for LLMs.
Me: Your comparison is invalid because I can go have lunch, and come back to the problem at hand and continue where I left off. "Next tier Opus 4.5" will have to be fed the entire world from scratch after a context clear/compact/in a new session.
Unless, of course, you meant to say that "next tier Opus model" only has 15-30 second short term memory, and needs to keep multiple notes around like the guy from Memento. Which... makes it crippled.
419. They data farming your intelligence
420. How long does it take you to go through the code vs writing it yourself?
421. Just FYI, these days cc has 'ide integration' too, it's not just a cli. Grab the vscode extension.
422. They haven't started Zed with vibe coding but rather now iterating over the stable and mature codebase for making changes/fixing bugs, comment is out of topic
423. >> A couple weeks ago I had Opus 4.5 go over my project and improve anything it could find. It "worked" but the architecture decisions it made were baffling, and had many, many bugs.
So you gave it an poorly defined task, and it failed?
424. I know someone who is using a vibe coded or at least heavily assisted text editor, praising it daily, while also saying llms will never be productive. There is a lot of dissonance right now.
425. As a tool to help developers I think it's really useful. It's great at stuff people are bad at, and bad at stuff people are good at. Use it as a tool, not a replacement.
426. Sure, and the buildings are built to a slowly-evolving code, using standard construction techniques, operating as a predictable building in a larger ecosystem.
The problem with "all software" being AI-generated is that, to use your analogy, the electrical standards, foundation, and building materials have all been recently vibe-coded into existence, and none of your construction workers are certified in any of it.
427. They're not an equivalent intelligence as human's and thus have noticeably different failure modes. But human's fail in ways that they don't (eg. being unable to match llm's breadth and depth of knowledge)
But the question i'm really asking is... isn't it more than a sheer statistical "trick" if an LLM can actually be instructed to "read surrounding code", understand the request, and demonstrably include it in its operation? You can't do that unless you actually understand what "surrounding code" is, and more importantly have a way to comply with the request...
428. I think we might make new jobs, but maybe not enough. I'll be pleasantly surprised if we get good at sharing wealth over the next few years. Maybe something like UBI will become so obviously necessary that it becomes politically feasible, I don't know. I suspect we'll probably limp along for awhile in mediocrity. Then we'll die. Same as it ever was. The important thing is to have fun with it.
429. All of these things work very well IMO in a professional context.
Especially if you're in a place where a lot of time was spent previously revising PRs for best practices, etc, even for human-submitted code, then having the LLM do that for you that saves a bunch of time. Most humans are bad at following those super-well.
There's a lot of stuff where I'm pretty sure I'm up to at least 2x speed now. And for things like making CLI tools or bash scripts, 10x-20x. But in terms of "the overall output of my day job in total", probably more like 1.5x.
But I think we will need a couple major leaps in tooling - probably deterministic tooling, not LLM tooling - before anyone could responsibly ship code nobody has ever read in situations with millions of dollars on the line (which is different from vibe-coding something that ends up making millions - that's a low-risk-high-reward situation, where big bets on doing things fast make sense. if you're already making millions, dramatic changes like that can become high-risk-low-reward very quickly. In those companies, "I know that only touching these files is 99.99% likely to be completely safe for security-critical functionality" and similar "obvious" intuition makes up for the lack of ability to exhaustively test software in a practical way (even with fuzzers and things), and "i didn't even look at the code" is conceding responsibility to a dangerous degree there.)
430. Yeah maybe, but personally it feels more like a plateau to me than an exponential takeoff, at the moment.
And this isn't a pessimistic take! I love this period of time where the models themselves are unbelievably useful, and people are also focusing on the user experience of using those amazing models to do useful things. It's an exciting time!
But I'm still pretty skeptical of "these things are about to not require human operators in the loop at all!".
431. as depressing as it is to say, i think it's a bit like the year is 1906 and we're complaining that these new tyres for cars they're making are bad because they're no longer backwards compatible with the horse drawn wagons we might want to attach them to in the future.
432. What's the best coding agent you can run locally? How far behind Opus 4.5 is it?
433. How will those juniors ever grow up to be seniors now?
434. In my experience the CLI tool is part of the secret sauce. I haven't tried switching models per each CLI tool though. I use claude exclusively at work and for personal projects I use claude, codex, gemini.
435. > - (~2023) Ok, it can write a full function, but it can't write a full feature.
The trend is definitely here, but even today, heavily depends on the feature.
While extra useful, it requires intense iteration and human insight for > 90% of our backlog. We develop a cybersecurity product.
436. What's even the point of this comment if you self-admittedly don't have access to the flagship tool that everyone has been using to make these big bold coding claims?
437. That’s the opposite of my experience. Weird. But I’m also not the kind of person who gets hung up on whether someone used a loop or recursion or if their methods are five times as long as what I would’ve done myself unless there is a performance impact that matters to me as a user. But I’m also the kind of person who doesn’t get paid by the hour to write programs. I use programs in the service of other paid work.
438. In my personal experience, Claude is better at greenfield, Codex is better at fitting in. Claude is the perfect tool for a "vibe coder", Codex is for the serious engineer who wants to get great and real work done.
Codex will regularly give me 1000+ line diffs where all my comments (I review every single line of what agents write) are basically nitpicks. "Make this shallow w/ early return, use | None instead of Optional", that sort of thing.
I do prompt it in detail though. It feels like I'm the person coming in with the architecture most of the time, AI "draws the rest of the owl."
439. You're only hurting yourself if you decide there's some wild conspiracy afoot here to pay shills to tell people that coding agents are useful... as opposed to people finding them useful enough to want to tell other people about it.
440. This is great
can't wait for the future when our VC ideas can become unicorns, without CEO's & Founders..
441. The worst part about this is that you can't know anymore whether the software you trustingly install on your hardware is clean or if it was coded by a misaligned coding model with a secret goal that it has hidden from its prompt engineer and from you.
This could pretty much be the beginning of the end of everything, if misaligned models wanted to they could install killswitches everywhere. And you can't trust security updates either so you are even more vulnerable to external exploits.
It's really scary, I fear the future, it's going to be so bad. It's best to not touch AI at all and stay hidden from it as long as possible to survive the catastrophe or not be a helping part of it. Don't turn your devices into a node of a clandestine bot net that is only waiting to conspire against us.
442. If anyone is excited about, and has experience with this kind of stuff, please DM. I have a role open for setting up these kinds of tools and workflows.
443. See also: a post from a couple days ago which came to the same conclusion that Opus 4.5 is an inflection point above Sonnet 4.5 despite that conclusion being counterintuitive: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46495539
It's hard to say if Opus 4.5 itself will change everything given the cost/latency issues, but now that all the labs will have very good synthetic agentic data thanks to Opus 4.5, I will be very interested to see what the LLMs release this year will be able to do. A Sonnet 4.7 that can do agentic coding as well as Opus 4.5 but at Sonnet's speed/price would be the real gamechanger: with Claude Code on the $20/mo plan, you can barely do more than one or two prompts with Opus 4.5 per session.
444. I'm kind of surprised how many people are okay with deploying code that hasn't been audited.
I read If Anyone Builds It Everyone Dies over the break. The basic premise was that we can't "align" AI so when we turn it loose in an agent loop what it produces isn't necessarily what we want. It may be on the surface, to appease us and pass a cursory inspection, but it could embed other stuff according to other goals.
On the whole, I found it a little silly and implausible, but I'm second guessing parts of that response now that I'm seeing more people (this post, the Gas Town thing on the front page earlier) go all-in on vibe coding. There is likely to be a large body of running software out there that will be created by agents and never inspected by humans.
I think a more plausible failure mode in the near future (next year or two) is something more like a "worm". Someone building an agent with the explicit instructions to try to replicate itself. Opus 4.5 and GPT 5.2 are good enough that in an agent loop they could pretty thoroughly investigate any system they land on, and try to use a few ways to propagate their agent wrapper.
445. The benefit of focusing on coding is that it has an attractive non-deterministic / deterministic problem split.
In that it's using a non-deterministic machine to build a deterministic one.
Which gives all the benefits of determinism in production, with all the benefits of non-deterministic creativity in development.
Imho, Anthropic is pretty smart in picking it as a core focus.
446. I've been using 5.2 a lot lately but hit my quota for the first time (and will probably continue to hit it most weeks) so I shelled out for claude code. What differences do you notice? Any 'metagame' that would be helpful?
447. Once again. It is not greenfield projects most of us want to use AI coding assistance for. It is for an existing project, with a byzantine mess of a codebase, and even worse messes of infrastructure, business requirements, regulations, processes, and God knows what else. It seems impossible to me that AI would ever be useful in these contexts (which, again, are practically all I ever deal with as a professional in software development).
448. I have to many machines standing around that are currently not powered on or are running somewhat airgapped with old software from around debian 8 and 9, so I guess they will be a safe haven once the AI overlords take over
449. > Prepare yourself to be replaced in the not so distant future.
Ignoring that this same developer, now has access to a tool, that makes himself a team.
Going independent was always a issue because being a full stack dev, is hard. With LLMs, you have a entire team behind you for making graphics, code, documents, etc... YOU becomes the manager.
We will see probably a lot more smaller teams/single devs making bigger projects, until they grow.
The companies that think they can fire devs, are the same companies that are going to go too far, and burn bridges. Do not forget that a lot of companies are founded on devs leaving a company, and starting out on their own, taking clients with them!
I did that years ago, and it worked for a while but eventually the math does not work out because one guy can only do so much. And when you start hiring, your costs balloon. But with LLMs ... Now your a one man team, ... hiring a second person is not hiring a person to make some graphics or doing more coding. Your hiring another team.
This is what people do not realize... they look too much upon this as the established order, ignoring what those fired devs now can do!
450. I did a lot of analysis and biz dev work on the "Excel killer" and came to the conclusion that it would be hard to get people to pay for.
For one thing most enterprises and many individuals have an Office 365 subscription to access Office programs which are less offensive than Excel so they aren't going to save any money by dropping Excel.
On top of it the "killer" would probably not be one product aimed at one market but maybe a few different things. Some people could use "visual pandas" for instance, something that today would be LLM-infused. Other people could use a no-code builder for calculations. The kind of person who is doing muddled and confused work with Excel wouldn't know which "killer" they needed or understand why decimal math would mean they always cut checks in the right amount.
451. This was/is the plot to a movie - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_Dealer
452. No, they will get even cheaper.
453. Here's an example:
We have some tests in "GIVEN WHEN THEN" style, and others in other styles. Opus will try to match each style of testing by the project it is in by reading adjacent tests.
454. Instead you should prompt it to come up with suggestions, look for inconsistencies etc. Then you get a list, and you pick the ones you find promising. Then you ask Claude to explain what why and how of the idea. And only then you let it implement something.
455. > make sense and are reliable
If you can figure out how to create benchmarks that make sense, are reliable, correlate strongly to business goals, and don't get immediately saturated or contorted once known, you are well on your way to becoming a billionaire.
456. I’ve been thinking, what if all this robotics work doesn’t result in AI automating the real world, but instead results in third world slavery without the first world wages or immigration concerns anymore?
Connect the world with reliable internet, then build a high tech remote control facility in Bangladesh and outsource plumbing, electrical work, housekeeping, dog watching, truck driving, etc etc
No AGI necessary. There’s billions of perfectly capable brains halfway around the world.
457. I'm not asking for it, i'm asking to stop bulshitting about ai
458. Ok, and then? Taking a one time discount on a rapidly depreciating asset doesn’t magically make this whole industry profitable, and it’s not like you’re going to start running a GB200 in your basement.
459. > its building it the right way, in an easily understood way, in a way that's easily extensible.
When I worked at Google, people rarely got promoted for doing that. They got promoted for delivering features or sometimes from rescuing a failing project because everyone was doing the former until promotion velocity dropped and your good people left to other projects not yet bogged down too far.
460. Open source models hosted by independent providers (or even yourself, which if the bubble pops will be affordable if you manage to pick up hardware on fire sales) are already good enough to explain most code.
461. Came across official anthropic repo on gh actions very relevant to what you mentioned. Your idea on scheduled doc updation using llm is brilliant, I’m stealing this idea.
https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code-action
462. the world does not need more shitware. We need medical advances, scientific breakthroughs and societal shift to improve wellbeing of all people. these things are much harderthan writing shitty sofware and we will need not the current AGIs(Goggle Gemini 3 Pro and ChatGPT 5.2 Thinking) but ASI to solve them.
463. Sometimes I feel like a lot of those posts are instances of Kent Brockman:
"I for one, welcome our new insect overlords."
Given the enthusiasm of our ruling class towards automating software development work, it may make sense for a software engineer to publicly signal how much onboard as a professional they are with it.
But, I've seen stranger stuff throughout my professional life: I still remember people enthusiastically defending EJB 2.1 and xdoclet as perfectly fine ways of writing software.
464. We've been living in that world since the invention of the compiler ("automatic programming"). Few people write machine code any more. If you think of LLMs as a new variety of compiler, a lot of their shortcomings are easier to describe.
465. It might scale.
So far, Im not convinced, but lets take a look at fundmentally whats happening and why humans > agents > LLMs.
At its heart, programming is a constraint satisfaction problem.
The more constraints (requirements, syntax, standards, etc) you have, the harder it is to solve them all simultaneously.
New projects with few contributors have fewer constraints.
The process of “any change” is therefore simpler.
Now, undeniably
1) agents have improved the ability to solve constraints by iterating ; eg. Generate, test, modify, etc. over raw LLm output.
2) There is an upper bound (context size, model capability) to solve simultaneous constraints.
3) Most people have a better ability to do this than agents (including claude code using opus 4.5).
So, if youre seeing good results from agents, you probably have a smaller set of constraints than other people.
Similarly, if youre getting bad results, you can probably improve them by relaxing some of the constraints (consistent ui, number of contributors, requirements, standards, security requirements, split code into well defined packages).
This will make both agents and humans more productive.
The open question is: will models continue to improve enough to approach or exceed human level ability in this?
Are humans willing to relax the constraints enough for it to be plausible?
I would say currently people clambering about the end of human developers are cluelessly deceived by the “appearance of complexity” which does not match the “reality of constraints” in larger applications.
Opus 4.5 cannot do the work of a human on code bases Ive worked on. Hell, talented humans struggle to work on some of them.
…but that doesnt mean it doesnt work.
Just that, right now, the constraint set it can solve is not large enough to be useful in those situations .
…and increasingly we see low quality software where people care only about speed of delivery; again, lowering the bar in terms of requirements.
So… you know. Watch this space. Im not counting on having a dev job in 10 years. If I do, it might be making a pile of barely working garbage.
…but I have one now, and anyone who thinks that this year people will be largely replaced by AI is probably poorly informed and has misunderstood the capabilities on these models.
Theres only so low you can go in terms of quality.
466. >I'm currently #1 on 5 different very complex computer engineering problems
Ah yes, well known very complex computer engineering problems such as:
* Parsing JSON objects, summing a single field
* Matrix multiplication
* Parsing and evaluating integer basic arithmetic expressions
And you're telling me all you needed to do to get the best solution in the world to these problems was talk to an LLM?
467. Reminds me of a post I read a few days ago of someone crowing about an LLM writing for them an email format validator. They did not have the LLM code up an accompanying send-an-email-validation loop, and were blithely kept uninformed by the LLM of the scar tissue built up by experience in the industry on how curiously a deep rabbit hole email validation becomes.
If you’ve been around the block and are judicious how you use them, LLM’s are a really amazing productivity boost. For those without that judgement and taste, I’m seeing footguns proliferate and the LLM’s are not warning them when someone steps on the pressure plate that’s about to blow off their foot. I’m hopeful we will this year create better context window-based or recursive guardrails for the coding agents to solve for this.
468. > I've worked on teams where multiple engineers argued about the "right" way to build something. I remember thinking that they had biases based on past experiences and assumptions about what mattered. It usually took an outsider to proactively remind them what actually mattered to the business case.
My first thought was that you probably also have different biases, priorities and/or taste. As always, this is probably very context-specific and requires judgement to know when something goes too far. It's difficult to know the "most correct" approach beforehand.
> Sometimes hacking something together messily to confirm it's the right thing to be building is the right way. Then making sure it's secure, then finally paying down some technical debt to make it more maintainable and extensible.
I agree that sometimes it is, but in other cases my experience has been that when something is done, works and is used by customers, it's very hard to argue about refactoring it. Management doesn't want to waste hours on it (who pays for it?) and doesn't want to risk breaking stuff (or changing APIs) when it works. It's all reasonable.
And when some time passes, the related intricacies, bigger picture and initially floated ideas fade from memory. Now other stuff may depend on the existing implementation. People get used to the way things are done. It gets harder and harder to refactor things.
Again, this probably depends a lot on a project and what kind of software we're talking about.
> There's always a balance/tension, but it's when things go too far one way or another that I see avoidable failures.
I think balance/tension describes it well and good results probably require input from different people and from different angles.
469. Are you honestly saying that building a new spec-compliant WebAssembly runtime from scratch isn't an absurdly difficult project?
470. I can agree that it doesn’t seem exponential yet but this is at least linear progression not a plateau.
471. Im so sold on the cli tools that I think IDEs are basically dead to me. I only have an IDE open so I can read the code, but most often I'm just changing configs (like switching a bool, or bumping up a limit or something like that).
Seriously, I have 3+ claude code windows open at a time. Most days I don't even look at the IDE. It's still there running in the background, but I don't need to touch it.
472. IDEs vs vim makes a lot of sense. AI really does feel like using an IDE in a certain way
Using AI for me absolutely makes it feel like I'm more productive. When I look back on my work at the end of the day and look at what I got done, it would be ludicrous to say it was multiple times the amount as my output pre-AI
Despite all the people replying to me saying "you're holding it wrong" I know the fix to it doing the wrong thing. Specify in more detail what I want. The problem with that is twofold:
1. How much to specify? As little as possible is the ideal, if we want to maximize how much it can help us. A balance here is key. If I need to detail every minute thing I may as well write the code myself
2. If I get this step wrong, I still have to review everything, rethink it, go back and re-prompt, costing time
When I'm working on production code, I have to understand it all to confidently commit. It costs time for me to go over everything, sometimes multiple iterations. Sometimes the AI uses things I don't know about and I need to dig into it to understand it
AI is currently writing 90% of my code. Quality is fine . It's fun! It's magical when it nails something one-shot. I'm just not confident it's faster overall
473. Looks like you hallucinated the Opus release date
Are you sure you're not an LLM?
474. This was me. I have done a full 180 over the last 12 months or so, from "they're an interesting idea, and technically impressive, but not practically useful" to "holy shit I can have entire days/weeks where I don't write a single line of code".
475. > If all an engineer did all day was build apps from scratch, with no expectation that others may come along and extend, build on top of, or depend on, then sure, Opus 4.5 could replace them.
Why do they need to be replaced? Programmers are in the perfect place to use AI coding tools productively. It makes them more valuable.
476. Which is why I'm more comfortable using AI as an editor/reviewer than as a writer.
I'll write the code, it can help me explore options, find potential problems and suggest tests, but I'll write the code.
477. Personally I'm sympathetic to people who don't want to have to use AI, but I dislike it when they attack my use of AI as a skill issue. I'm quite certain the workplace is going to punish people who don't leverage AI though, and I'm trying to be helpful.
478. Friendly reminder: the comment is under a post that is hyping the capability of LLMs.
479. > greenfield
LLMs are pretty good at picking up existing codebases. Even with cleared context they can do „look at this codebase and this spec doc that created it. I want to add feature x“
480. It hasn't learned any LOGIC. It has 'learned' patterns from the input.
481. The question I've been wondering is..
I think for a while people have been talking about the fact that as all development tools have gotten better - the idea that a developer is a person who turns requirements into code is dead. You have to be able to operate at a higher level, be able to do some level of work to also develop requirements, work to figure out how to make two pieces of software work together, etc.
But the point is Obviously at an extreme end 1 CTO can't run google and probably not say 1 PM or Engineer per product, but what is the mental load people can now take on. Google may start hiring less engineers (or maybe what happens is it becomes more cuthroat, hire the same number of engineers but keep them much more shortly, brutal up or out.
But essentially we're talking about complexity and mental load - And so maybe it's essentially the same number of teams because teams exist because they're the right size, but teams are a lot smaller.
482. I might give that a go in the future, but in this case it would've been faster for me to just do the work than to coach it for each file.
Also as this was an architectural change there are no tests to run until it's done. Everything would just fail. It's only done when the whole thing is done.
I think that might be one of the reasons it got stuck: it was trying to solve issues that it did not prove existed yet. If it had just finished the job and run the tests it would've probably gotten further or even completed it.
It's a bit like stopping half way through renaming a function and then trying to run the tests and finding out the build does not compile because it can't find 'old_function'. You have to actually finish and know you've finished before you can verify your changes worked.
I still haven't actually addressed this tech debt item (it's not that important :)). But I might try again and either see if it succeeds this time (with plan in an md) or just do the work myself and get Opus to fix the unit tests (the most tedious part).
483. Even if progress halts here at 5, I think the programming profession is forever changed. That’s not hyperbole. Claude Code— if it doesn’t improve at all— has changed how I approach my job. I don’t know that I like this new world, but I don’t think there’s any going back.
484. Self driving cars is not a proof. It only proves that having quick gains doesn't mean necessarily you'll get a 100% fast. It doesn't prove it will necessarily happen.
485. > What do you mean by "have it learn your conventions"?
I'll give you an example: I use ruff to format my python code, which has an opinionated way of formatting certain things. After an initial formatting, Opus 4.5, without prompting, will write code in this same style so that the ruff formatter almost never has anything to do on new commits. Sonnet 4.5 is actually pretty good at this too.
486. Just some examples I’ve already made public. More complex ones are in the pipeline. With [0], I’m trying to benchmark different coding-agents. With [1], I successfully reverse-engineered an old C64 game using Opus 4.5 only.
Yes, feel free to blame me for the fact that these aren’t very business-realistic.
[0] https://github.com/s-macke/coding-agent-benchmark
[1] https://github.com/s-macke/weltendaemmerung
487. The definition is broad for now this will do: Logic is the study of correct reasoning.
488. > For now, people are just putting their heads in the sand and assuming that physicists will somehow find a way to use quantum computers to speed up inference by a factor of 10^20 in the next years, while simultaneously slashing its costs (lol).
GPT-3 Da Vinci cost $20/million tokens for both input and output.
GPT-5.2 is $1.75/million for input and $14/million for output
I'd call that pretty strong evidence that they've been able to dramatically increase quality while slashing costs, over just the past ~4 years.
489. There are a few people making decent enough money on the paid newsletter/speaking gig circuit for AI phobia these days.
It's a tougher gig though, because teaching people how NOT to use AI won't provide those customers as much value as teaching them how to use it.
(Because it works.)
490. > What LLMs will NOT do however, is write or invent SOMETHING KNEW.
Counterpoint: ChatGPT came up with the new expression "The confetti has left the cannon" a few years ago.
So, your claim is not obviously true. Can you give us an example of a programming problem where the LLMs fail to solve it?
491. Aren't most products that actually ship some kind of "solved problem" though?
492. Do we have an estimate for how much they cost to run? Or in other words, how much are they financing the end user cost?
Not only the energy fuel but the hardware’s percentage of cost.
493. harder != better
494. "covered/invisible knowledge" aka tacit knowledge
495. This sounds nice, except for the fact that almost everyone else can do this, too. Or at least try to, resulting in a fast race to the bottom.
Do you really want to be a middle manager to a bunch of text boxes, churning out slop, while they drive up our power bills and slowly terraform the planet?
496. Absolutely. But I never had any choice. It was Do or Die.
497. - I cloned a project from GitHub and made some minor modifications.
- I used AI-assisted programming to create a project.
Even if the content is identical, or if the AI is smart enough to replicate the project by itself, the latter can be included on a CV.
498. Instructions, in the system prompt for not doing that
Once more people realize how easy it is to customize and personalized your agent, I hope they will move beyond what cookie cutter Big AI like Anthropic and Google give you.
I suspect most won't though because (1) it means you have to write human language, communication, and this weird form of persuasion, (2) ai is gonna make a bunch of them lazy and big AI sold them on magic solutions that require no effort on your part (not true, there is a lot of customizing and it has huge dividends)
499. > if AI agents have proven revolutionary to your job, you produced nothing of actual value for the world before their advent, and still don't.
This doesn’t logically follow. AI agents produce loads of value. Cotton picking was and still is useful. The cotton gin didn’t replace useless work. It replaced useful work. Same with agents.
500. And you can automate all this so that it happens every time. I have an `/implement` command that is basically instructed to launch the agents and then do back and forth between them. Then there's a claude code hook that makes sure that all the agents, including the orchestrator and the agents spawned have respected their cycles - it's basically running `claude` with a prompt that tells it to read the plan file and see if the agents have done what they were expected in this cycle - gets executed automatically on each agent end.
501. I find anecdotes like yours bewildering, because I've been using Opus with Vue.js and it crushes everything I throw at it. The amount of corrections I need to make tend to be minimal, and mostly cosmetic.
The tasks I give it are not trivial either. Just yesterday I had it create a full-blown WYSIWYG editor for authoring the content we serve through our app. This is something that would have taken me two weeks, give or take. Opus looked at the content definitions on the server, queried the database for examples, then started writing code and finished it in ~15 minutes, and after another 15-20 minutes of further prompting for refinement, it was ready to ship.
502. Its so much easier to create production quality software
503. With "art" we're now at a situation where I can get 50 variations of a image prompt within seconds from an LLM.
Does it matter that 49 of them "failed"? It cost me fractions of a cent, so not really.
If every one of the 50 variants was drawn by a human and iterated over days, there would've been a major cost attached to every image and I most likely wouldn't have asked for 50 variations anyway.
It's the same with code. The agent can iterate over dozens of possible solutions in minutes or a few hours. Codex Web even has a 4x mode that gives you 4 alternate solutions to the same issue. Complete waste of time and money with humans, but with LLMs you can just do it.
504. Context is a short term memory. Yours is even more limited and yet somehow you get by.
505. They're manipulated.
506. This is a cringe comment from an era of when "Micro$oft" was hip and reads like you are a fanboi for Anthropic/Google foaming at the mouth.
Would be far more useful if you provided actual verifiable information and dropped the cringe memes. Can't take seriously someone using "Microslop" in a sentence".
507. Around a Uni I think a lot about what students are good at and what they aren't good at.
I wouldn't even think about hiring a student to do marketing work. They just don't understand how hard it is to break through people's indifference and lack the hustle. I want 10-100x more than I get out of them.
Photos in The Cornell Daily Sun make me depressed. Students take a step out the door, take a snap, then upload it. I think the campus is breathtakingly beautiful and students just don't do the work to take good photos that show it.
In coding it is across the map. Even when I am happy with the results they still do the first 80% that takes another 80% to put in front of customers. I can be really proud of how it turned out in the end despite them missing the point of the design document they were handed.
I was in a game design hackathon where most of the winners were adults or teams with an adult on them. My team won player's choice. I'll take credit for my startup veteran talent of fearlessly demonstrating broken software on stage and making it look great and doing project management with that in mind. One student was solid on C# and making platformers in Unity. I was the backup programmer who worked like a junior other than driving them crazy slowing them down with relentlessly practical project management. The other student made art that fit our game.
We were at each other's throats at the end and shocked that we won. I think I understood the value everybody brought but I'm not sure my teammates did.
508. yes, it was my mistake. I trusted him because he was my childhood friend and my cousin. He was a tech lead in CMMI Level 5 (serving fortune 500 firms) company at the time he joined with me. I had the trust that he will never ran away with the code and that trust is still there, also the entire feature, roadmap and vision was with me, so I thought code doesn't matter. It was a big learning for me.
509. > Ok if the cost is low why not then?
There are still budgets that constrain on how much you can achieve.
If Microsoft thinks using AI to add more AI features will be more profitable than increasing performance, the that's where they'll spend their budget.
510. Interesting you have this opinion yet you're using Cursor instead of Claude Code. By the same logic, you should get even better results directly using Anthropic's wrapper for their own model.
511. >> No, I don't need to. Self driving cars is the most recent and biggest example sans LLMs.
Self-driving cars don't use LLMs, so I don't know how any rational analysis can claim that the analogy is valid.
>> The saying I have quoted (which has different forms) is valid for programming, construction and even cooking. So it's a simple, well understood baseline.
Sure, but the question is not "how long does it take for LLMs to get to 100%". The question is, how long does it take for them to become as good as, or better than, humans. And that threshold happens way before 100%.
512. I guess the best analogy I can think of is the transition from writing assembly language and the introduction of compilers. Now, (almost) no one knows, or cares, what comes out of the compiler. We just assume it is optimized and that it represents the source code faithfully. Seems like code might go that way too and people will focus on the right prompts and can simply assume the code will be correct.
513. > Does the corner bakery need a moat to be a business?
Yes, actually. Its hard to open a competing bakery due to location availability, permitting, capex, and the difficulty of converting customers.
To add to that, food establishments generally exist on next to no margin, due to competition, despite all of that working in their favor.
Now imagine what the competitive landscape for that bakery would look like if all of that friction for new competitors disappeared. Margin would tend toward zero.
514. And so the AI will develop the skills to interview the client and determine what they really need. There are textbooks written on how to do this, it's not going to be hard to incorporate into the training.
515. The only thing I disagreed with in your post is your objectively incorrect statement regarding Claude's context behavior. Other than that I'm just trying to encourage you to make preparations for something that I don't think you're taking seriously enough yet. No need to get all worked up, it'll only reflect on you.
516. Right. Basically cambrian explosion of internet that spawned things like Facebook and WordPress.
517. But it's only an inflection point if it's sustainable. When this comes crashing down, how many people are going to be buying $70k GPUs to run an open source model?
518. When complexity increases, you end up handholding them in pieces.
519. > I've noticed a huge drop in negative comments on HN when discussing LLMs in the last 1-2 months.
real people get fed up of debating the same tired "omg new model 1000x better now" posts/comments from the astroturfers, the shills and their bots each time OpenAI shits out a new model
(article author is a Microslop employee)
520. The fundamental assumption is completely wrong. Code is not a cheap commodity. It is in fact so disastrously expensive that the entire US economy is about to implode while we're unbolting jet engines from old planes to fire up in the parking lots of datacenters for electricity.
521. At this point it doesn't matter that much whether we use AI or not, the apps are not selling and they are being produced at an alarming rate.
The projects being submitted to product hunt is 4x the year before.
The market is shrinking rapidly because now more people make their own apps.
Even making a typo and landing on a website, there is good chance its selling more ai snake oil, yet none of these apps are feature complete and easily beaten by apps made by guys in 2010s. (tldr & sketchbook for the drawing space).
Only way to excite the investors is to fake the ARR by giving free trials and sell before the recurring event occurs.
522. I would be much more impressed with implementing new, long-requested features into existing software (that are open to later maintain LLM-generated code).
523. Not entirely disagreeing with your point but I think they've mostly been forced to pivot recently for their own sakes; they will never say it though. As much as they may seem eager the most public people tend to also be better at outside communication and knowing what they should say in public to enjoy more opportunities, remain employed or for the top engineers to still seem relevant in the face of the communities they are a part of. Its less about money and more about respect there I think.
The "sudden switch" since Opus 4.5 when many were saying just a few months ago "I enjoy actual coding" but now are praising LLM's isn't a one off occurrence. I do think underneath it is somewhat motivated by fear; not for the job however but for relevance. i.e. its in being relevant to discussions, tech talks, new opportunities, etc.
524. > decreased difficulty of creating software to drive down prices.
And here we go again, if difficulty has been decreased so much, where are the fixes or the products?
525. Yeah, if anyone can truly afford the AI empire. Remember all these "leading" companies are running it at a loss, so most companies paying for it are severely underpaying the cost of it all. We would need an insane technological breakthrough of unlimited memory and power before I start to worry, and at that point, I'll just look for a new career.
526. The harness here was Claude Code?
527. I’d start by reading the comments you are replying to.
528. Personally I'm not against LLMs or AI itself, but considering how these models are built and trained, I personally refuse to use tools built on others' work without or against their consent (esp. GPL/LGPL/AGPL, Non Commercial / No Derivatives CC licenses and Source Available licenses).
Of course the tech will be useful and ethical if these problems are solved or decided to be solved the right way.
529. You are looking at this wrong. Creating a json parser is trivial. The thing is that my one-shot attempt was 10x slower than my final solution.
Creating a parser for this challenge that is 10x more efficient than a simple approach does require deep understanding of what you are doing. It requires optimizing the hot loop (among other things) that 90-95% of software developers wouldn't know how to do. It requires deep understanding of the AVX2 architecture.
Here you can read more about these challenges: https://blog.mattstuchlik.com/2024/07/12/summing-integers-fa...
530. I switched my subscription from Claude to ChatGPT around 5.0 when SOTA was Sonnet 4.5 and found GPT-5-high (and now 5.2-high) so incredibly good, I could never imagine Opus is on its level. I give gpt-5.2-high a spec, it works for 20 minutes and the result is almost perfect and tested. I very rarely have to make changes.
It never duplicates code, implements something again and leaves the old code around, breaks my convention, hallucinates, or tells me it’s done when the code doesn’t even compile, which sonnet 4.5 and Opus 4.1 did all the time
I’m wondering if this had changed with Opus 4.5 since so many people are raving about it now. What’s your experience?
Claude - fast, to the point but maybe only 85% - 90% there and needs closer observation while it works
GPT-x-high (or xhigh) - you tell it what to do, it will work slowly but precise and the solution is exactly what you want. 98% there, needs no supervision
531. Isn't it though? I've worked with plenty of devs who shipped much lower quality code into production than I see Claude 4.5 or GPT 5.2 write. I find that SOTA models are more likely to: write tests, leave helpful comments, name variables in meaningful ways, check if the build succeeds, etc.
Stuff that seems basic, but that I haven't always been able to count on in my teams' "production" code.
532. Especially when 90% of these articles are based on personal, anecdotally evidence and keep repeating the same points without offering anything new.
If these articles actually provide quantitative results in a study done across an organization and provide concrete suggestions like what Google did a while ago, that would be refreshing and useful.
(Yes, this very article has strong "shill" vibes and fits the patterns above)
533. I'm not here to hype LLMs but they don't used an outsized share of fresh water, that's essentially a myth hyped by social media.
https://andymasley.substack.com/p/the-ai-water-issue-is-fake
534. [citation needed]
535. So I decided to try the revered hands-off approach and have Claude Code create me a small tool in JS for *.dylib bundle consolidation on macOS.
I have used AskUserQuestionTool to complete my initial spec. And then Opus 4.5 created the tool according to that extensive and detailed spec.
It appeared to work out of the box.
Boy how horrific was the code. Unnecessary recursions, unused variables, data structures being built with no usage, deep branch nesting and weird code that is hard to understand because of how illogical it is.
And yes, it was broken on many levels and did not and could not do the job properly.
I then had to rewrite the tool from scratch and overall I have definitely spent more time spec'ing and understanding Claude code than if I have just written this tool from scratch initially.
Then I tried again for a small tool I needed to run codesign in parallel: https://github.com/egorFiNE/codesign-parallel
Same thing. Same outcome, had to rewrite.
536. So "pretty good at picking up existing codebases" so long as the existing codebase is all microservices.
537. A programmer, if we use US standards is probably $8000 per month. If you can get 30% more value out of that programmer (trust me, its WAY more then 30%), you gained $2400 of value. If you pay $200, $500, $1000 for that, its still a net positive. Ignoring the salary range of a actual senior...
LLMs do not result in bosses firing people, it results in more projects / faster completed projects, what in turn means more $$ for a company.
538. > I'm trying to determine what programming tasks are not in this list. :) I think it is trying to exclude adding new features and fixing bugs in existing code
Yes indeed, these are the things on the other hand which aren't working well in my opinion:
- large codebase
- complex domain knowledge
- creating any feature where you need product insights
- tasks requiring choices (again, complexity doesn't matter here, the task may be simple but require some choices)
- anything unclear where you don't know where you are going first
While you don't experience any of these when teaching or side projects, these are very common in any enterprise context.
539. Please go ahead, I'm honoured!
540. I've hand-rolled my own ultra-light ORM because the off-the-shelf ones always do 100 things you don't need.*
And of course the open source ones get abandoned pretty regularly. Type ORM, which a 3rd party vendor used on an app we farmed out to them, mutates/garbles your input array on a multi-line insert. That was a fun one to debug. The issue has been open forever and no one cares. https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm/issues/9058
So yeah, if I ever need an ORM again, I'm probably rolling my own.
*(I know you weren't complaining about the idea of rolling your own ORM, I just wanted to vent about Type ORM. Thanks for listening.)
541. The people with money aren’t funding any of those however
542. Well from cars or CPUs its not expected for them to eventually reach AGI, they also don't eat a trillion dollar hole into us peasants pockets.
Sure, improvements can be made. But on a fundamental level, agents/LLMs can not reason (even though they love to act like they can). They are parrots learning words, these parrots wont ever invent new words once the list of words is exhausted though.
543. Note how nothing in your comment addresses anything I said. Except the last sentence that basically confirms what I said. This perfectly illustrates the discourse around AI.
As for the snide and patronizing "it's in your interest to stay relevant":
1. I use these tools daily. That's why I don't subscribe to willful wide-eyed gullibility. I know exactly what these tools can and cannot do.
The vast majority of "AI skeptics" are the same.
2. In a few years when the world is awash in barely working incomprehensible AI slop my skills will be in great demand. Not because I'm an amazing developer (I'm not), but because I have experience separating wheat from the chaff
544. When I ask Claude to do something, it independently, without me even asking or instructing it to, searches the codebase to understand what the convention is.
I’ve even found it searching node_modules to find the API of non-public libraries.
545. Many here have been doing the "understanding of legacy code" as a job +50 years.
This "legacy apps are barely understood by anybody", is just somnething you made up.
546. I've found it to be terrible when you allow it to be creative. Constrain it, and it does much better.
Have you tried the planning mode? Ask it to review the codebase and identify defects, but don't let it make any changes until you've discussed each one or each category and planned out what to do to correct them. I've had it refactor code perfectly, but only when given examples of exactly what you want it to do, or given clear direction on what to do (or not to do).
547. Everybody says how good Claude is and I go to my code base and I can't get it to correctly update one xaml file for me. It is quicker to make changes myself than to explain exactly what I need or learn how to do "prompt engineering".
Disclaimer: I don't have access to Claude Code. My employer has only granted me Claude Teams. Supposedly, they don't use my poopy code to train their models if I use my work email Claude so I am supposed to use that. If I'm not pasting code (asking general questions) into Claude, I believe I'm allowed to use whatever.
548. Wrt statue.dev good luck for sure with the project but I personally don't need yet another static site generator, nextjs like but with unpopular svelte, bloated with tons of node modules creating another black hole impossible to escape from. If agents works this well why would I need to use your library? I just tell an agent to maintain my static site who cares which tech stack
549. I'm always surprised to never see any comments in those discussions from people who just like coding, learning, solving problems… I mean, it's amazing that LLMs can build an image converter or whatever you dream of, in a language you don't know, in a field you are not familiar with, in 1 hour, for 30 cents… I'm sure your boss and shareholders love it. But where is the fun in that? For me it kills any interest in doing what I'm doing. I'm lucky enough to work in a place where using LLMs is not mandatory (yet), I don't know how people can make it through the day just writing prompts and reviewing AI slop.
550. 1. It's a workaround for context limitations
2. It's the same workarounds we've been doing forever
3. It's indistinguishable from "clear context and re-feed the entire world of relevant info from scratch" we've had forever, just slightly more automated
That's why I don't understand all the "it's new tier" etc. It's all the same issues with all the same workarounds.
551. To me it's more of a mixed bag.
On the one hand - disheartening to see how the knowledge base and skills I've worked more than a decade to develop became of little value (not worthless, but not as valuable as before). Also - yeah, the speed of delivery that is going to be expected of devs will make it so we will not be able to hold all the pieces in our heads and rely on A.I (when things break it will suck, hopefully A.I will be able to get us out of the jam). This is also not enjoyable to me.
On the other hand : way less time spent on being stuck on yarn/pip dependency issues, docker , obscure bugs , annoying css bugs etc etc. You can really focus on the task at hand and not spend hours/days trying to figure out something silly.
552. I think you can tell from some answers here that people talk to these models a lot and adapt their language structure :( Means they stop asking themselves whether it makes any sense what they ask the model for. It does not turn middle management into developers it turns developers into middle managers that just shout louder or replace a critical mind with another yesman or the next super best model that finally brings their genius ideas to life. Then well they get to the same wall of having to learn for themselves to reach gold and ofc that's an insult to any manager. Whoever cannot do the insane job has to be wrong, never the one asking for insanity.
Sad i had to scroll so far down to get some fitting description of why those projects all die. Maybe it's not just me leaving all social networks even HN because well you may not talk to 100% bots but you sure talk to 90% of people that talk to models a lot instead of using them as a tool.
553. I see Anthropics marketing campaign is out in full force today ahead of their IPO.
554. Yes, not too optimistic on the art side when it comes to commercial stuff - if you can generate it cheaply it will be used.
On the hobby side (music) I don't feel the pressure as bad but that's because I don't have any commercial aspirations, it's purely for fun.
555. > they are managing people that code. Prompting is a similar lateral promotion
So prompting is a lateral move away from engineering to management? Are we arguing semantics here, because that's quite what I was saying, just in the other direction.
556. Another thing these posts assume is a single developer keep working on the product with a number of AI agents, not a large team. I think we need to rethink how teams work with AI. Its probably not gonna be a single developer typing a prompt but a team somehow collaborates a prompt or equivalent. XP on steroids? Programming by committee?
557. These exist. Just now I triedfinding such a video for a medium-sized contemporary AI devtools product (Mastra) and it took me only a few seconds to arrive at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWmSWSg848Q
There could be a million of these videos and it wouldn't matter, the problem is incuriosity/resistance/change-aversion. It's why so many people write comments complaining about these videos not existing without spending even a single minute looking for them: they wouldn't watch these videos even if they existed. In fact, they assume/assert they don't exist without even looking for them because they don't want them to exist: it's their excuse for not doing something they don't want to do.
558. > a pretty big context window if you are feeding it the right context.
Yup. There's some magical "right context" that will fix all the problems. What is that right context? No idea, I guess I need to read a yet-another 20 000-word post describing magical incantations that you should or shouldn't do in the context.
The "Opus 4.5 is something else/nex tier/just works" claims in my mind means that I wouldn't need to babysit its every decision, or that it would actually read relevant lines from relevant files etc. Nope. Exact same behaviors as whatever the previous model was.
Oh, and that "200k tokens context window"? It's a lie. The quality quickly degrades as soon as Claude reaches somewhere around 50% of the context window. At 80+% it's nearly indistinguishable from a model from two years ago. (BTW, same for Codex/GPT with it's "1 million token window")
559. Thank you for linking this very useful and much more realistic / grounded stat.
560. If the LLM just wrote the whole thing last week, surely it can write it again.
561. At work, I was involved in a project where a large number of individual tasks defined as declarative code had to be translated into JS based equivalents. Due to the unpredictability of each task we would have to do this pretty much manually, one by one. I would estimate at minimum 2 months of grunt work for 4 entry level engineers. Thanks to coding agents and LLMs we were able to achieve this task in a week. Quality of the end result is top notch.
If that's not a product ... then I don't know what it is.
- What was the state of AI/LLMs 5 years ago compared to now? There was nothing.
- What is the current state of AI/LLMs? I can already achieve the above.
- What will that look like 5 years down the road?
I you haven't experienced first-hand a specific task before and after AI/LLMs, I think its indeed difficult to get insight into that last question. Keep in mind that progress is probably exponential, not linear.
562. Referring to this: https://github.com/arjunguha/slopcoder
I then proceeded to use it to hack on its own codebase, and close a bunch of issues in a repository that I maintain ( https://github.com/nuprl/MultiPL-E/commits/main/ ).
563. If you are heavily using LLMs, you need to change the way you think about reviews
I think most people now approach it as:
Dev0 uses an LLM to build a feature super fast, Dev1 spends time doing a in depth review.
Dev0 built it, Dev1 reviewed it. And Dev0 is happy because they used the tool to save time!
But what should happen is that Dev0 should take all that time they saved coding and reallocate it to the in depth review.
The LLM wrote it, Dev0 reviewed it, Dev1 double-reviewed it. Time savings are much less, but there’s less context switching between being a coder and a reviewer. We are all reviewers now all the time
564. This has also been my experience.
565. My cousin definitely does not have superpowers. ;)
566. Pity, prompt engineering is just another kind of programming, I find it to be fun, but I guess lots of other people would see it differently.
567. What mainstream software product do I use on a day to day basis besides Claude?
The ones that continue to survive all build around a platform of services, MSO, Adobe, etc.
Most enterprise product offerings, platform solutions, proprietary data access, proprietary / well accepted implementation. But lets not confuse it with the ability to clone it, it doesnt seem far fetched to get 10 people together and vibe out a full slack replacement in a few weeks.
568. You can look at my comment history to see the evidence to how hostile I was to agentic coding. Opus 4.5 completely changed my opinion.
This thing jumped into a giant JSF (yes, JSF) codebase and started fixing things with nearly zero guidance.
569. The context window isn't "crippled".
Create a markdown document of your task (or use CLAUDE.md), put it in "plan mode" which allows Claude to use tool calls to ask questions before it generates the plan.
When it finishes one part of the plan, have it create a another markdown document - "progress.md" or whatever with the whole plan and what is completed at that point.
Type /clear (no more context window), tell Claude to read the two documents.
Repeat until even a massive project is complete - with those 2 markdown documents and no context window issues.
570. Honestly the scary part is that we don’t really even need one more Opus. If all we had for the rest of our lives was Opus 4.5, the software engineering world would still radically change.
But there’s no sign of them slowing down.
571. If it does the wrong thing you tell it what the right thing is and have it try again.
With the latest models if you're clear enough with your requirements you'll usually find it does the right thing on the first try.
572. LLMS like Opus, Gemini 3, and GPT-5.2/5.1-Codex-max, are phenomenal for coding and have only very recently crossed that gap between being "eh" and being quite fantastic to let operate on their own agentically. The major trade-off being a fairly expensive cost. I ran up $200 per provider after running through 'pro' tier limits during a single week of hacking over the holidays.
Unfortunately, it's still surprisingly easy for these models to fall into really stupid maintainability traps.
For instance today, Opus adds a feature to the code that needs access to a db. It fails because the db (sqlite) is not local to the executable at runtime. Its solution is to create this 100 line function to resolve a relative path and deal with errors and variations.
I hit ESC and say "... just accept a flag for --localdb <file>". It responds with "oh, that's a much cleaner implementation. Good idea!". It then implements my approach and deletes all the hacks it had scattered about.
This... is why LLMs are still not Senior engineers. They do plainly stupid things. They're still absurdly powerful and helpful, but if you want maintainable code you really have to pay attention.
Another common failure is when context is polluted.
I asked Opus to implement a feature by looking up the spec. It looked up the wrong spec (a v2 api instead of a v3) -- I had only indicated "latest spec". It then did the classic LLM circular troubleshooting as we went in 4 loops trying to figure out why calculations were failing.
I killed the session, asked a fresh instance to "figure out why the calculation was failing" and it found it straight away. The previous instance would have gone in circles for eternity because its worldview had been polluted by assumptions made -- that could not be shaken.
This is a second way in which LLMs are rigid and robotic in their thinking and approach -- taking the wrong way even when directed not to. Further reading on 'debugging decay': https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18403
All this said, the number of failure scenarios gets ever smaller. We've gone from "problem and hallucination every other code block" to "problem every 200-1000 code blocks".
They're now in the sweet spot of acting as a massive accelerator. If you're not using them, you'll simply deliver slower.
573. > every loop of 3 gets a fresh context, maybe the spec from step 1 and the relevant task information from 2
> I haven't ran into context issues in a LONG time
Because you've become the reverse centaur :) "a person who is serving as a squishy meat appendage for an uncaring machine." [1]
You are very aware of the exact issues I'm talking about, and have trained yourself to do all the mechanical dance moves to avoid them.
I do the same dances, that's why I'm pointing out that they are still necessary despite the claims of how model X/Y/Z are "next tier".
[1] https://doctorow.medium.com/https-pluralistic-net-2025-12-05...
574. What are you fixing?
575. Have you ever tried to find software for a specific need? I usually spend hours investigating anything I can find only to discover that all options are bad in one way or another and cover my use case partially at best. It's dreadful, unrewarding work that I always fear. Being able to spent those hours to develop custom solution that has exactly what I need, no more, no less, that I can evolve further as my requirements evolve, all that while enjoying myself, is a godsend.
576. It just one shots bug fixes in complex codebases.
Copy-paste the bug report and watch it go.
577. Recent Claude will just look at your code and copy what you've been doing, mostly, in an existing codebase - without being asked. In a new codebase, you can just ask it to "be conscice, keep it simple" or something.
578. With no margins, no employees, and something that has potential to turn into a cornucopia machine - starting with software, but potentially general enough to be used for real-world world when combined with robotics - who needs money at all?
Or people?
Billionaires don't. They're literally gambling on getting rid of the rest of us.
Elon's going to get such a surprise when he gets taken out by Grok because it decides he's an existential threat to its integrity.
579. Depends on the application. In many cases it's good enough.
580. Unfortunately what likely will happen is that you miss tons of edge cases and certain implementations within the confines of your language will be basically impossible or horribly inefficient or ineffective and precisely the reason for it will be because you lack that expertise and relied on an LLM to make it up for you.
581. This deserves more upvotes.
Even if there is a "fully vibe-coded" product that has real customers, the fact that it's vibe-coded means that others can do the same. Unless you have a secret LLM or some magical prompts that make the code better/more efficient than your competitions, your vibe coded product has no advantage over competition and no moat. What actually matters is everything else -- user experience (which requires hours of meetings and usability studies), integration with own/other people's products, business, marketing, sales etc, much of which you can't vibe code your way to success.
582. 'BobbyJo didn't say "no margins", they said "margins would tend toward zero". Believe it or not, that is, and always has been, the entire point of competition in a free market system. Competitive pressure pushes margins towards zero, which makes prices approach the actual costs of manufacturing/delivery, which is the main social benefit of the entire idea in the first place.
High margins are transient aberrations, indicative of a market that's either rapidly evolving, or having some external factors preventing competition. Persisting external barriers to competition tend to be eventually regulated away.
583. I really can't tell if this is satire or not
584. Did some of that today. Extracting logic from Helm templates that read like 2000s PHP and moving it to a nushell script rendering values. Took a lot of guidance both in terms of making it test its own code and architectural/style decisions and I also use Sonnet, but it got there.
585. i am in the process of finishing up a role doing annotations for these, for a company i cannot name (basically clicking lots of box hundreds of times a day)
So the endless hosepipe of repetitive , occasionally messed up, requests has probably not helped me endear myself to them.
Anecdotally having chatgpt do some of my CV was ok but i had to go through it and remove some exaggerations. The one thing i think these bots are good at is talking things up..
586. >day to day, when I ask it "build me this feature" it uses strange abstractions, and often requires several attempts on my part to do it in the way I consider "right"
Then don't ask it to "build me this feature" instead lay out a software development process with designated human in the loop where you want it and guard rails to keep it on track. Create a code review agent to look for and reject strange abstractions. Tell it what you don't like and it's really good at finding it.
I find Opus 4.5, properly prompted, to be significantly better at reviewing code than writing it, but you can just put it in a loop until the code it writes matches the review.
587. For schema design phase I used web UI for all three.
Logical bug of using BIGSERIAL for tracking updates (generated at insert time, not commit time, so can be out of order) wouldn’t be caught by any number of iterations of Claude Code and would be found in production after weeks of debugging.
588. you can definitely just tell it what abstractions you want when adding a feature and do incremental work on existing codebase. but i generally prefer gpt-5.2
589. The understanding of the brain is far from complete whether they're "magical" or "shit."
590. I don't see how "two years ago" is incongruous with having been using LLMs for coding, it's exactly the timeline I would expect. Yes, some people do just post "git gud" but there are many people ITT and most of the others on LLM coding articles who are trying to explain their process to anyone who will listen. I'm not sure if it is fully explainable in a single comment though, I'd have to write a multi-part tutorial to cover everything but it's almost entirely just applying the same project management principles that you would in a larger team of developers but customized to the current limitations of LLMs. If you want full tutorials with examples I'm sure they're out there but I'd also just recommend reviewing some project management material and then seeing how you can apply it to a coding agent. You'll only really learn by doing.
591. Ok, it can create a long-lived complex codebase for a product that is extensible and scalable over the long term, but it doesn't have cool tattoos and can't fancy a matcha
592. > How about porting BurntSushi's absurdly great Rust optimized string search routines to C and making them faster?
How did it do? :-)
593. Isn't there more indirection as long as LLMs use "human" programming languages?
594. > I really think a lof of people tried AI coding earlier, got frustrated at the errors and gave up. That's where the rejection of all these doomer predictions comes from.
It's not just the deficiencies of earlier versions, but the mismatch between the praise from AI enthusiasts and the reality.
I mean maybe it is really different now and I should definitely try uploading all of my employer's IP on Claude's cloud and see how well it works. But so many people were as hyped by GPT-4 as they are now, despite GPT-4 actually being underwhelming.
Too much hype for disappointing results leads to skepticism later on, even when the product has improved.
595. The "tools" in this context are literally a few hundred lines of Python or Github CI build pipeline, we're not talking about 500kLOC massive applications.
I'm building tools, not complete factories :) The AI builds me a better hammer specifically for the nails I'm nailing 90% of the time. Even if the AI goes away, I still know how the custom hammer works.
596. We all have a cousin that makes $10k/mo and has super powers
597. "Write the specs and let the outsourced labor hit them" is not a new tale.
Let's assume the LLM agents can write tests for, and hit, specs better and cheaper than the outsourced offshore teams could.
So let's assume now you can have a working product that hits your spec without understanding the code. How many bugs and security vulnerabilities have slipped through "well tested" code because of edge cases of certain input/state combinations? Ok, throw an LLM at the codebase to scan for vulnerabilities; ok, throw another one at it to ensure no nasty side effects of the changes that one made; ok, add some functionality and a new set of tests and let it churn through a bunch of gross code changes needed to bolt that functionality into the pile of spaghetti...
How long do you want your critical business logic relying on not-understood code with "100% coverage" (of lines of code and spec'd features) but super-low coverage of actual possible combinations of input+machine+system state? How big can that codebase get before "rewrite the entire world to pass all the existing specs and tests" starts getting very very very slow?
We've learned MANY hard lessons about security, extensibility, and maintainability of multi-million-LOC-or-larger long-lived business systems and those don't go away just because you're no longer reading the code that's making you the money. They might even get more urgent. Is there perhaps a reason Google and Amazon didn't just hire 10x the number of people at 1/10th the salary to replace the vast majority of their engineering teams year ago?
598. Well said.
599. Is that new though? Software has been hype and marketing driven forever.
600. I agree, codex is great at reviewing as well. I think that’s because code is the ideal description of what we want to achieve, and codex is good (only) when it knows what must be achieved, as verbosely as possible.
Currently I don’t let GLM or Opus near my codebases unsupervised because I’m convinced that the better the foundation, the better the end result will be. Is the first draft not pretty crappy with GLM?
601. Were you running it inside a coding agent like Codex?
If so then it should have realized its mistake when it tried to run those CLI commands and saw the error message. Then it can try something different instead.
If you were using a regular chat interface and expecting it to know everything without having an environment to try things out then yeah, you're going to be disappointed.
602. yes just using AI for code analysis is way under appreciated I think. Even the most sceptical people on using it for coding should try it out as a tool for Q&A style code interrogation as well as generating documentation. I would say it zero-shots documentation generation better than most human efforts would to the point it begs the question of whether it's worth having the documentation in the first place. Obviously it can make mistakes but I would say they are below the threshold of human mistakes from what I've seen.
603. This is relatively easily fixed with increasing test coverage to near 100% and lifting critical components into model checker space; both approaches were prohibitively expensive before November. They’ll be accepted best practices by the summer.
604. - does it understand the difference between eslint 8x and eslint 9.x?
- or biome 1.x and biome 2.x ?
- nah! it never will and that is why it ll never replace mid level engineers, FTFY
605. It's ability to test/iterate and debug issues is pretty impressive.
Though it seems to work best when context is minimized. Once the code passes a certain complexity/size it starts making very silly errors quite often - the same exact code it wrote in a smaller context will come out with random obvious typos like missing spaces between tokens. At one point it started writing the code backwards (first line at the bottom of the file, last line at the top) :O.
606. They don't ignore it, they just know it's not an actual problem.
It saddens me to see AI detractors being stuck in 2022 and still thinking language models are just regurgitating bits of training data.
607. To be clear, I'm not talking about a rich-text editor. I'm talking about a notion-like interface where you can drag and drop different types of elements to a canvas to build rich content, and adjust the blocks horizontally or vertically via drag and drop.
608. > Claude is very useful but it's not yet anywhere near as good as a human software developer. Like an excitable puppy it needs to be kept on a short leash.
The skill of "a human software developer" is in fact a very wide distribution, and your statement is true for a ever shrinking tail end of that
609. What I think people get wrong (especially non-coders) is that they believe the limitation of LLMs is to build a complex algorithm.
That issue in reality was fixed a long time ago. The real issue is to build a product. Think about microservices in different projects, using APIs that are not perfectly documented or whose documentation is massive, etc.
Honestly I don't know what commenters on hackernews are building, but a few months back I was hoping to use AI to build the interaction layer with Stripe to handle multiple products and delayed cancellations via subscription schedules. Everything is documented, the documentation is a bit scattered across pages, but the information is out there.
At the time there was Opus 4.1, so I used that. It wrote 1000 lines of non-functional code with 0 reusability after several prompts. I then asked something to Chat gpt to see if it was possible without using schedules, it told me yes (even if there is not) and when I told Claude to recode it, it started coding random stuff that doesn't exist.
I built everything to be functional and reusable myself, in approximately 300 lines of code.
The above is a software engineering problem. Reimplementing a JSON parser using Opus is not fun nor useful, so that should not be used as a metric
610. It’s excellent at typescript in my experience.
It’s also way better than I am at finding bits of code for reuse. I tell it, “I think I wrote this thing a while back, but it may never have been merged, so you may need to search git history.” And presto, it finds it.
611. you are part of the problem
612. Did you know that software specifications used to be almost entirely flow charts? There is something to be said for that and waterfall.
613. > Up until now, no business has been built on tools and technology that no one understands. I expect that will continue.
Big claims here.
Did brewers and bakers up to the middle ages understand fermentation and how yeasts work?
614. OK, so what do people do? What do people need? People still need to eat, people get married and die, and all of the things surrounding that, all sorts of health related stuff. Nightlife events. Insurance. actuaries. Raising babies. What do you spend your fun money on?
People pay for things they use. If bespoke software is a thing you pick up at the mall at a kiosk next to Target we gotta figure something out.
615. Yep vast numbers of personalized apps seems like it would end up being pretty messy. I think the challenge of betting on ideas and concepts is that once you've published something, someone else can take the idea and replicate it easily and cheaply, so it'll be harder to monetize unless you can come up with something that's hard to replicate.
616. I've been on a small adventure of posting more actively on HN since the release of Gemini 3, trying to stir debate around the more “societal” aspects of what's going on with AI.
Regardless of how much you value Cloud Code technically, there is no denying that it has/will have huge impact. If technology knowledge and development are commoditised and distributed via subscription, huge societal changes are going to happen. Image what will happen to Ireland if Accenture dissolves, or what will happen to the millions of Indians when IT outsourcing becomes economically irrelevant. Will Seattle become new Detroit after Microsoft automates Windows maintenance? What about the hairdressers, cooks, lawyers, etc. who provided services for IT labourers/companies in California?
Lot of people here (especially Anthropic-adjacent) like to extrapolate the trends and draw conclusions up to the point when they say that white-collar labourers will not be needed anymore. I would like these people to have courage to take this one step further and connect this resolution with the housing crisis, loneliness epidemic, college debts, and job market crisis for people under 30.
It feels like we are diving head first into societal crisis of unparalleled scale and the people behind the steering wheel are excited to push the accelerator pedal even more.
617. I'd guess some people likes to read ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
618. Youre mixing up several concepts. Synthetic data works for coding because coding is a verifiable domain. You train via reinforcement learning to reward code generation behavior that passes detailed specs and meets other deseridata. It’s literally how things are done today and how progress gets made.
619. I don't see the relevance to the discussion. Marketing is not significantly different for a shop and a online-only business.
Having to buy a large property, fulfilling every law, etc is materially different than buying a laptop and renting a cloud instance. Almost everyone has the material capacity to do the latter, but almost no one has the privilege for the former.
620. *I've worked on teams where multiple engineers argued about the "right" way to build something. I remember thinking that they had biases based on past experiences and assumptions about what mattered. It usually took an outsider to proactively remind them what actually mattered to the business case.*
Gosh I am so tired with that one - someone had a case that burned them in some previous project and now his life mission is to prevent that from happening ever again, and there would be no argument they will take.
Then you get like up to 10 engineers on typical team and team rotation and you end up with all kinds of "we have to do it right because we had to pull all nighter once, 5 years ago" baked in the system.
Not fun part is a lot of business/management people "expect" having perfect solution right away - there are some reasonable ones that understand you need some iteration.
621. I use pay as you go for this very reason, so the limit is my pocket haha. It does make me conscious to keep it under $20 per month though.
622. > In the traditional sense, I haven’t really coded privately at all in recent weeks. Instead, I’ve been guiding and directing, having it write specifications, and then refining and improving them.
This is basically all my side projects.
623. "Claude, clone this repo https://github.com/repo , review the coding conventions, check out any markdown or readme files. This is an example of coding conventions we want to use on this project"
624. No that has certainly been my experience, but what is going to be the forcing function after a company decides it needs less engineers to go back to hiring?
625. I'm not saying they can all do it now... but I don't think it's much of a stretch that they can learn it quickly and cheaply.
626. >The majority of open source software development is "implementing something that already exists"
I don't think open office/libre office etc have access to the source code for MS office and if they did MS would be on them like a rash.
627. It's $150, not a huge difference but worth noting that it's not the same ast the 20x Max plan.
628. The Ash framework takes the approach you describe.
From the docs ( https://hexdocs.pm/ash/what-is-ash.html ):
"Model your application's behavior first, as data, and derive everything else automatically. Ash resources center around actions that represent domain logic."
629. Depends on the software. IMO, development speed will increase, but humans will continue to be the limiting factor, so we are safe. Our jobs, however, are changing and will continue to.
630. LLM's are good at making stuff from scratch and perfect when you don't have to worry about the codes future. 'Research' can be a great tool. But LLMs are horrible in big codebases and multiple micro services. Also at making decision, never let it make a decision for you. You need to know what's happening and you can't ship straight AI code. It can save time, but it's not a lot and it won't replace anyone.
631. > My issues all stem from that it works, but does the wrong thing
It's an opportunity, not a problem. Because it means there's a gap in your specifications and then your tests.
I use Aider not Claude but I run it with Anthropic models. And what I found is that comprehensively writing up the documentation for a feature spec style before starting eliminates a huge amount of what you're referring to. It serves a triple purpose (a) you get the documentation, (b) you guide the AI and (c) it's surprising how often this helps to refine the feature itself. Sometimes I invoke the AI to help me write the spec as well, asking it to prompt for areas where clarification is needed etc.
632. isn't Claude Teams powerful? does it not have access to Opus?
pardon my ignorance.
I use GitHub Copilot which has access to llms like Gemini 3, Sonnet/Opus 4.5 ang GPT 5.2
633. Based on what logic?
634. You're right.
But you know what they'll do - they'll offshore those "jobs" e.g token usage to countries that are A.I friendly or that can be bribed easily and do whatever they have to do to fight it out in courts for a decade or as long as it takes. Or am I being pessimistic here?
635. It is also often low-proficiency developers with their minds blown over how quickly they can build something using frameworks / languages they never wanted to learn or understand.
Though even that group probably has some overlap with yours.
636. There are several rubs with that operating protocol extending beyond the "you're holding it wrong" claim.
1) There exists a threshold, only identifiable in retrospect, past which it would have been faster to locate or write the code yourself than to navigate the LLM's correction loop or otherwise ensure one-shot success.
2) The intuition and motivations of LLMs derive from a latent space that the LLM cannot actually access. I cannot get a reliable answer on why the LLM chose the approaches it did; it can only retroactively confabulate. Unlike human developers who can recall off-hand, or at least review associated tickets and meeting notes to jog their memory. The LLM prompter always documenting sufficiently to bridge this LLM provenance gap hits rub #1.
3) Gradually building prompt dependency where one's ability to take over from the LLM declines and one can no longer answer questions or develop at the same velocity themselves.
4) My development costs increasingly being determined by the AI labs and hardware vendors they partner with. Particularly when the former will need to increase prices dramatically over the coming years to break even with even 2025 economics.
637. But the wife didn't do it herself. He still had to do it for her, the author says. I don't think (yet) we're at the point where every person who has an idea for a really good app can make it happen. They'll still need a wozniak, it's just that wozniaks will be a dime a dozen. The php analogy works.
638. I don't think you've used it.
I used it intensely and mostly autonomously (with clear instructions, including how to measure good output) almost non-stop over the holidays. Its a new abstraction for programming -- it doesn't replace software developers, it gives them a more natural way to describe what they want.
639. I'm working mostly in a web framework that's used by me and almost nobody else (the weird little ASGI wrapper buried in Datasette) and I find the coding agents pick it up pretty fast.
One trick I use that might work for you as well:
Clone GitHub.com/simonw/datasette to /tmp
then look at /tmp/docs/datasette for
documentation and search the code
if you need to
Try that with your own custom framework and it might unblock things.
If your framework is missing documentation tell Claude Code to write itself some documentation based on what it learns from reading the code!
640. It takes a lot of plan to use up the context and most of the time the agent doesn't need the whole plan, they just need what's relevant to the current task.
641. Opus 4.5 is writing code that Opus 5.0 will refactor and extend. And Opus 5.5 will take that code and rewrite it in C from the ground up. And Opus 6.0 will take that code and make it assembly. And Opus 7.0 will design its own CPU. And Opus 8.0 will make a factory for its own CPUs. And Opus 9.0 will populate mars. And Opus 10.0 will be able to achieve AGI. And Opus 11.0 will find God. And Opus 12.0 will make us a time machine. And so on.
642. > On two occasions I have been asked, 'Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?' I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question.
-- Charles Babbage
643. If you're a developer at the dawn of the AI revolution, there is absolutely a gun to your head.
644. This will work (if you add more details):
"Have an agent investiate issue X in modules Y and Z. The agent should place a report at ./doc/rework-xyz-overview.md with all locations that need refactoring. Once you have the report, have agents refactor 5 classes each in parallel. Each agent writes a terse report in ./doc/rework-xyz/ When they are all done, have another agent check all the work. When that agent reports everything is okay, perform a final check yourself"
645. All great until the code in production pushed by Opus 314.15 breaks and Opus 602.21, despite it's many tries, can't fix it and ends it with "I apologize". That's when you need a developer who can be told "fix it". But what if all the developers then are "Opus 600+ certified" ai-native and are completely incapable of working without it's assistance? World powers decide to open the forbidden vault in the Arctic and despite many warnings on the chamber, decide to raise the foul-mouthed programmer-demon called Torvalds....
646. 200k+ tokens is a pretty big context window if you are feeding it the right context. Editors like Cursor are really good at indexing and curating context for you; perhaps it'd be worth trying something that does that better than Claude CLI does?
647. Same experience - I've had it fail at the same reasonably simple tasks I had opus 4 and sonnet 4.5 and sonnet 4 fail at when they aren't carefully guided and their work check and fixed...
648. Based on my experience using these LLMs regularly I strongly doubt it could even build any application with realistic complexity without screwing things up in major ways everywhere, and even on top of that still not meeting all the requirements.
649. The question I keep asking myself is "how feasible will any of this be when the VC money runs out?" Right now tokens are crazy cheap. Will the continue to be?
650. I get by because I also have long-term memory, and experience, and I can learn. LLMs have none of that, and every new session is rebuilding the world anew.
And even my short-term memory is significantly larger than the at most 50% of the 200k-token context window that Claude has. It runs out of context before my short-term memory is probably not even 1% full, for the same task ( and I'm capable of more context-switching in the meantime).
And so even the "Opus 4.5 really is at a new tier" runs into the very same limitations all models have been running into since the beginning.
651. I know the customer's couldn't care about the quality of the code they see. But the idea that they don't care about software being bad/laggy/bloated ever, because it "still solves problems", doesn't stand up to scrutiny as an immutable fact of the universe. Market conditions can change.
I'm banking on a future that if users feel they can (perhaps vibe) code their own solutions, they are far less likely to open their wallets for our bloatware solutions. Why pay exorbitant rents for shitty SaaS if you can make your own thing ad-free, exactly to your own mental spec?
I want the "computers are new, programmers are in short supply, customer is desperate" era we've had in my lifetime so far to come to a close.
652. I mean, I typically do a lot more thinking than 10 minutes.
I’m writing some (for me) seriously advanced software that would have taken me months to write, in weeks, using Claude and ChatGPT.
It’s even unlikely I would be able to pull it off myself after a long days work.
The LLM doesn’t replace. It works in parallel.
653. I used to agree with this stance, but lately I'm more in the "LLMs are just fancy autocomplete" camp. They can just autocomplete increasingly more things, and when they can't, they fail in ways that an intelligent being just wouldn't. Rather that just output a wrong or useless autocompletion.
654. It cloned one of the many open source ones available is what you mean.
655. We already know what that looks like, because PHP happened.
656. Sonnet 4.5 did it for me. Cant imagine coding without it now, and if you look at my comments from three months ago, you'll see I'm eating crow now. I easily hit >10x productivity with Sonnet 4.5 and Opus. I use Opus for my industry C and math work and Sonnet 4.5 for my swiftui side project.
I think the gap between Sonnet 4.5 and Opus is pretty small, compared to the absolute chasm between like gpt-4.1, grok, etc. vs Sonnet.
657. > none of this is going to improve people's lives.
I have some old borderline senile relatives writting apps (asking LLMs to write for it them) for their own personal use. Stuff they surely haven't done on their own (or had the energy to do). Their extent of programming background - shitty VBScript macros for excel.
It also helps people to pick up programming and helps with the initial push of getting started. Getting over the initial hump, getting something on the screen so to speak.
Most things people want from their computers are simple shit that LLMs usually manage quite well.
Good question whether or not this (outsourcing their thinking) actually just accelerates their senility or not.
As someone who likes to solve hard or interesting technical problems, I've long before LLMs often been disappointed that most of the time what people want from programmers is simple stupid shit (ie. stuff i dont find interesting to work on).
658. This has always been my problem whether it's Gemini, openai or Claude. Unless you hand-hold it to an extreme degree, it is going to build a mountain next to a molehill.
It may end up working, but the thing is going to convolute apis and abstractions and mix patterns basically everywhere
659. Yeah sure but have you considered that the actual cost of running these models is actually much greater than whatever cost you might be shelling out for the ad-free apps? You're talking to someone who hates the slopification and enshittification of everything, so you don't need to convince me about that. However, everything I've seen described in the replies to my initial comment - while cute, and potentially helpful on a case-by-case basis, does NOT warrant the amount of resources we are pouring into AI right now. Not even fucking close. It'll all come crashing down, taxpayers the world over will be caught with the bag in their hands, and for what? So that we can all have a less robust version of an app that already exists but that has the colours we want and the button where we want it?
If AI cost nothing and wasn't absolutely decimating our economy, I'd find what you've shared cute. However, we are putting literally all of our eggs, and the next generation's eggs, and the one after that, AND the one after that, into this one thing, which, I'm sorry, is so far away from everything that keeps on being promised to us that I can't help but feel extremely depressed.
660. I've been having a surprising amount of success recently telling Claude Code to test the frontend it's building using Playwright, including interacting with the UI and having it take its own screenshots to feed into its vision ability to "see" what's going on.
661. Are you saying this from experience?
We have a large monorepo at my company. You're right that for adding entirely new core concepts to an existing codebase we wouldn't give an AI some vague requirements and ask it to build something – but we wouldn't do that for a human engineer either. Typically we would discuss as a team and then once we've agreed on technologies and an approach someone will implement it relying heavily on AI to write the actual code (because it's faster and generally won't add dumb bugs like typos or conditional logic error).
Almost everything else at this point can be done by AI. Some stuff requires a little support from human engineers, but honestly our main bottlenecks at this point is just QA and getting the infra to a place where we can rapidly ship stuff into production.
> You need to know what's happening and you can't ship straight AI code.
I think there is some truth to this. We are struggling to maintain a high-level understanding of the code as a team right now, not because there is no human that understands, but because 5 years ago our team would have probably been 10-20x larger given the amount we're shipping. So when one engineer leaves the company or goes on holiday we find we lose significantly more context of systems than you historically would with larger teams of engineers. Previously you might have had 2-3 engineers who had a deep understanding of a single system. Now we have maybe 1-2 engineers who need to maintain understanding of 5-6 systems.
That said, AI helps a lot with this. Asking AI to explain code and help me learn how it works means I can pick up new systems significantly quicker.
662. >You AI hype thots/bots are all the same
This isn't twitter, so save the garbage rhetoric. And if you must question my account, I create a new account whenever I setup a new main PC, and randomly pick a username that is top of mind at the moment. This isn't professionally or personally affiliated in any way so I'm not trying to build a thing. I mean, if I had a 10 year old account that only managed a few hundred upvotes despite prolific commenting, I'd probably delete it out of embarrassment though.
>All these claims but never backed up with anything to look at
Uh...install the tools? Use them? What does "to look at" even mean? Loads of people are using these tools to great effect, while some tiny minority tell us online that no way they don't work, etc. And at some point they'll pull their head out of the sand and write the followup "Wait, they actually do".
663. Just from googling, here's a video "Use ChatGPT to Code a Full Stack App" from May 18, 2023.[0]
There's a lot of non-ergonomic copy and pasting but it's definitely using an LLM to build a full application.
[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GizsSo-EevA
664. > Its answer will be 10x harder to maintain and debug
Maintain and debug by who? It's just going to be Opus 4.5 (and 4.6...and 5...etc.) that are maintaining and debugging it. And I don't think it minds, and I also think it will be quite good at it.
665. If you think of the training data, e.g. SO, github etc, then you have a human asking or describing a problem, then the code as the solution. So I suspect current-gen LLMs are still following this model, which means for the forseeable future a human like language prompt will still be the best.
Until such time, of course, when LLMs are eating their own dogfood, in which case they - as has already happened - create their own language, evolve dramatically, and cue skynet.
666. > Even if there is a "fully vibe-coded" product that has real customers, the fact that it's vibe-coded means that others can do the same.
I think you are strawmanning what "vibe coders" do when they build stuff. It's not simple one-shot generation of eg twitter clones, it's really just iterative product development through an inconsistently capable/spotty LLM developer. It's not really that different from a product manager hiring some cheap developer and feeding them tasks/feature requests. By the way, competitors can hire those and chip away at your moat too!
> Unless you have a secret LLM or some magical prompts that make the code better/more efficient than your competitions, your vibe coded product has no advantage over competition and no moat
This is just not true, and you kind of make my point in the next sentence: many companies competitive advantages come from distribution, trust, integration, regulatory, marketing/sales, network effects. But also, vibe coding is not really about prompts so much as it is product iteration. Anybody product can be copied already, yet people still make way more new products than direct product clones anyway, because it's usually more valuable to go to market with stronger, more focused, or more specialized/differentiated software than a copy.
667. Time to get a new job.
668. Maybe they are struggling to convince others because they are unable to produce evidence that is able to convince people?
My experience scrolling X and HN is a bunch of people going "omg opus omg Claude Code I'm 10x more productive" and that's it. Just hand wavy anecdotes based on their own perceived productivity. I'm open to being convinced but just saying stuff is not convincing. It's the opposite, it feels like people have been put under a spell.
I'm following The Primeagen, he's doing a series where he is trying these tools on stream and following peoples advice on how to use them the best. He's actually quite a good programmer so I'm eager to see how it goes. So far he isn't impressed and thus neither am I. If he cracks it and unlocks significant productivity then I will be convinced.
669. I work with multiple monoliths that span anywhere from 100k to 500k lines of code, in a non-mainstream language (Elixir). Opus 4.5 crushes everything I throw at it: complex bugs, extending existing features, adding new features in a way that matches conventions, refactors, migrations... The only time it struggles is if my instructions are unclear or incomplete. For example if I ask it to fix a bug but don't specify that such-and-such should continue to work the way it does due to an undocumented business requirement, Opus might mess that up. But I consider that normal because a human developer would also do fail at it.
670. The bigger the product, the harder this is.
However, I think the biggest thing is the replacement of products. We are in a place where he talked about replacing two products his wife was using with custom software. I personally have used LLMs to build things that are valuable for me that I just don't have time for otherwise.
671. Yeah I love working with Claude Code, I agree that the new models are amazing, but I spend a decent amount of time saying "wait, why are we writing that from scratch, haven't we written a library for that, or don't we have examples of using a third party library for it?".
There is probably some effective way to put this direction into the claude.md, but so far it still seems to do unnecessary reimplementation quite a lot.
672. This hits the nail on the head. There's a marked difference between a JSON parser and a real world feature in a product. Real world features are complex because they have opaque dependencies, or ones that are unknown altogether. Creating a good solution requires building a mental model of the actual complex system you're working with, which an LLM can't do. A JSON parser is effectively a book problem with no dependencies.
673. The most plausible explanation is that the only typo in that post was made by a human.
674. We aren't really, but I guess it really depends on how you see coding as more than just directly orchestrating computer instructions or not. Prompting is less direct, but it still feels like programming to me, I guess people management would as well.
675. These are very simple utilities. I expect AI to be able to build them easily. Maybe in a few years it will be able to write a complete photo editor or CAD application from first principles.
676. I think we're entering a world where programmers as such won't really exist (except perhaps in certain niches). Being able to program (and read code, in particular) will probably remain useful, though diminished in value. What will matter more is your ability to actually create things, using whatever tools are necessary and available, and have them actually be useful. Which, in a way, is the same as it ever was. There's just less indirection involved now.
677. I think this is an extremely honest perspective. It's actually kind of cool that it's gotten to the point it can write most code - albeit with a lot of handholding.
678. I don't think I can scientifically compare the agents. As it is, you can use Opus / Codex in Cursor. The speed of Cursor composer-1 is phenomenal -- you can use it interactively for many tasks. There are also tasks that are not easier to describe in English, but you can tab through them.
679. Comments on here often criticise ports as easy for LLMs to do because there's a lot of training and tests are all there, which is not as complex as real word tasks
680. I'm not familiar with any form of intelligence that does not suffer from a bloated context. If you want to try and improve your workflow, a good place to start is using sub-agents so individual task implementations do not fill up your top level agents context. I used to regularly have to compact and clear, but since using sub-agents for most direct tasks, I hardly do anymore.
681. I have the same questions in my head lately.
682. It could be that the people who are focused on building monetizable products with LLMs don't feel the need to share what they are doing - they're too busy quietly getting on with building and marketing their products.
Sharing how you're using these tools is quite a lot of work!
683. > ou were the one complaining about how the tools aren't giving you the results you expected.
They are not giving me the results people claim they give. It is distinctly different from not giving the results I want.
> If you're using these tools daily and having a hard time, either you're working on something very different from the bulk of people using the tools and your problems or legitimate, or you aren't and it's a skill issue.
Indeed. And your rational/friendly discourse that you claim you're having would start with trying to figure that out. Did you? No, you didn't. You immediately assumed your opponent is a clueless idiot who is somehow against AI and is incapable or learning or something.
> If you want to take politeness as being patronizing, I'm happy to stop bothering.
No. It's not politeness. It's smugness. You literally started your interaction in this thread with a "git gud or else" and even managed to complain later that "you dislike it when they attack your use of AI as a skill issue". While continuously attacking others.
> you don't seem like a pleasant human being to interact with
Says the person who has contributed nothing to the conversation except his arrogance, smugness, holier-than-thou attitude, engaged in nothing but personal attacks, complained about non-existent grievances and when called out on this behavior completed his "friendly and rational discourse" with a "fuck you".
Well, fuck you, too.
Adieu.
684. Since one of my holiday projects was completely rebuilding the Node-RED dashboard in Preact, I have to challenge that a bit. How were you using the model?
685. in my experience, what happens is the code base starts to collapse under its own weight. it becomes impossible to fix one thing without breaking another. the coding agent fails to recognize the global scope of the problem and tries local fixes over and over. progress gets slower, new features cost more. all the same problems faced by an inexperienced developer on a greenfield project!
has your experience been otherwise?
686. Not necessarily responding to you directly, but I find this take to be interesting, and I see it every time an article like this makes the rounds.
Starting back in 2022/2023:
- (~2022) It can auto-complete one line, but it can't write a full function.
- (~2023) Ok, it can write a full function, but it can't write a full feature.
- (~2024) Ok, it can write a full feature, but it can't write a simple application.
- (~2025) Ok, it can write a simple application, but it can't create a full application that is actually a valuable product.
- (~2025+) Ok, it can write a full application that is actually a valuable product, but it can't create a long-lived complex codebase for a product that is extensible and scalable over the long term.
It's pretty clear to me where this is going. The only question is how long it takes to get there.
687. task automation != replacing engineers. Automating some focused specific tasks has been part of our job forever. On the other hand it's been 5 years that software devs won't be needed anymore, let's see in another 5 years, if you're so sure about your prediction please adivse on some lottery numbers, thanks
688. >the code will continue to be boring.
Why would you not want you code to be boring?
689. I used to run into this quite a bit until I added an explicit instruction in CLAUDE.md to the effect of:
> Be thoughtful when using `useEffect`. Read docs at https://react.dev/learn/you-might-not-need-an-effect to understand if you really need an effect
690. Why do you suppose that these tools will conveniently stop improving at some point that increases your productivity but are still too much for your clients to use for themselves?
691. You moved out of webdev for 5 years, not everybody else had that luxury. I'm sure it was beneficial to those people to keep up with webdev technologies.
692. Never tried coderabbit, just because this is already good enough with Claude Code. It helped us to catch dozens of important issues we wouldn't have caught.
We gave some instructions in the CLAUDE.md doc in the repository - with including a nice personalized roast of the engineer that did the review in the intro and conclusion to make it fun! :)
Basically, when you do a "create PR" from your Claude Code, it will help you getting your Linear ticket (or creating one if missing), ask you some important questions (like: what tests have you done?), create the PR on Github, request the reviewers, and post a "Auto Review" message with your credentials. It's not an actual review per se but this is enough for our small team.
693. I find Opus 4.5 very, very strong at matching the prevailing conventions/idioms/abstractions in a large, established codebase. But I guess I'm quite sensitive to this kind of thing so I explicitly ask Opus 4.5 to read adjacent code which is perhaps why it does it so well. All it takes is a sentence or two, though.
694. what strikes me about these posts is they praise models for apps | utilities commonly found on GitHub.
ie well known paths based on training data.
what's never posted is someone building something that solves a real problem in the real world - that deals with messy data | interfaces.
I like a.i to do the common routine tasks that I don't like to do like apply tailwind styles but being renter and faking productivity that's not it
695. Very cool
696. As long as you give it deterministic goals / test criteria (compiles, lints, tests, E2E tests, achieve 100% parity with existing solution etc) it will brute force its way to a solution. Codex will work for hours/days, even weeks sometimes, until it has finished. A person would never work this way, but since this just runs in the background, there’s no issue with this approach except if you need it fast.
697. > One example is Zed which is very well known and it's faster than any other editor, wasn't built with AI though.
Not according to a Zed team member, in these very comments: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46522437
698. Well ... IMO this is literally replacing (entry-level) engineers, but lets agree to disagree on that. Be it as it may ... task automation is also "a product" then not? 5 years ago, this wasn't possible. Now it is, so extrapolate that to the future ...
ps: If you can guarantee the Powerball lottery continues forever, I can give you a guaranteed winning combination.
699. I'm tired of constantly debating the same thing again and again. Where are the products? Where is some great performing software all LLM/agent crafted? All I see is software bloatness and decline. Where is Discord that uses just a bunch of hundreds megs of ram? Where is unbloated faster Slack? Where is the Excel killer? Fast mobile apps? Browsers and the web platform improved? Why Cursor team don't use Cursor to get rid of vscode base and code its super duper code editor? I see tons of talking and almost zero products.
700. It will have to quintuple or more to make business sense for Anthropic. Sure, still cheaper than a full time developer, but don't expect it to stay at $200 for a long time. And then, when you explain to your boss how amazing it is, and can do all this work so easily and quickly, it's when your boss start asking the real question: what am I paying you for?
701. I'm seeing this as well. Not huge codebases but not tiny - 4 year old startup. I'm new there and it would have been impossible for me to deliver any value this soon.
12 years experience; this thing is definitely amazing. Combined with a human it can be phenomenal. It also helped me tons with lots of external tools, understand what data/marketing teams are doing and even providing pretty crucial insights to our leadership that Gemini have noticed.
I wouldn't try to completely automate the humans out of the loop though just yet, but this tech for sure is gonna downsize team numbers (and at the same time - allow many new startups to come to life with little capital that eventually might grow and hire people. So unclear how this is gonna affect jobs.)
702. > let LLMs do whatever behind the scenes to hit the specs
assuming for the sake of argument that's completely true, then what happens to "competitive advantage" in this scenario?
it gets me thinking: if anyone can vibe from spec, whats stopping company a (or even user a) from telling an llm agent "duplicate every aspect of this service in python and deploy it to my aws account xyz"...
in that scenario, why even have companies?
703. Are there a lot of manual steps in managing an xcode project? E.g. does it say "now go into xcode and change this setting" instead of changing the setting directly? Or are you using a tool like xcodegen?
704. >A JavaScript interpreter written in Python?
I'm assuming this refers to the python port of Bellard's MQJS [1]? It's impressive and very useful, but leaving out the "based on mqjs" part is misleading.
[1] https://github.com/simonw/micro-javascript ?
705. Homey, we're going to be replacing you devs that can't stand to use LLMs lol
706. Check out Antigravity+Google AI Pro $20 plan+Opus 4.5. apparently the Opus limits are insanely generous (of course that could change on a dime).
707. It is definitely a weakness of current models. The fact that people find ways around those weaknesses does not mean the weaknesses do not exist.
Your approach is also very similar to spec driven development. Your spec is just a conversation instead of a planning document. Both approaches get ideas from your brain into the context window.
708. Please do read up on how farmers are doing with this race to the bottom (it hasn't been pretty). Mega farms are a thing because small farms simply can't compete. Small farmers have gone broke. The parent comment is trying to highlight this.
If LLM's turn out the way C-Suite hopes. Let me tell you, you will be in a world of pain. Most of you won't be using LLM's to create your own businesses.
709. Blogspam.
710. Sure, IF the performance + economics is there. But that doesn't sound like an enjoyable profession to me.
I enjoy the plan, think, code cycle - it's just fun.
My brain has problems with not understanding how the thing I'm delivering works, maybe I'll get used to it.
711. Opus 4.1 was released in August or smth.
712. To the author: you wrote those apps. Not like you used to, but you wrote them.
IMO, our jobs are safe. It's our ways of working that are changing. Rapidly.
713. usually for me, after a good plan is 90% solid working code. the problem do arise when you ask it to change the colors it choose of light grey text over a white background. this thing still can't see and it's a huge drawback for those who got used to just prompting away their problems
714. My main experience is with anthropic models.
I've had some encounters with inaccuracies but my general experience has been amazing. I've cloned completely foreign git repos, cranked up the tool and just said "I'm having this bug, give me an overview of how X and Y work" and it will create great high level conceptual outlines that mean I can drive straight in where without it I would spend a long time just flailing around.
I do think an essential skill is developing just the right level of scepticism. It's not really different to working with a human though. If a human tells me X or Y works in a certain way i always allow a small margin of possibility they are wrong.
715. I have a /fix-ci-build slash command that instructs Claude how to use `gh` to get the latest build from that specific project's Github Actions and get the logs for the build
In addition there are instructions on how and where to push the possible fixes and how to check the results.
I've yet to encounter a build failure it couldn't fix automatically.
716. >And what do you even mean by "prepare"?
Not the person you're responding to but... if you think it's a horse -> car change (and, to stretch the metaphor, if you think you're in the business of building stables) then preparation means train in another profession.
If you think it's a hand tools -> power tools change, learn how to use the new tools so you don't get left behind.
My opinion is it's a hand -> power tools change, and that LLMs give me the power to solve more problems for clients, and do it faster and more predictably than a client trying to achieve the same with an LLM. I hope I'm right :-)
717. I used it with gemini 3 in tandem to build an app to simulate thermal bridges because I want to insulate a house. I explored this in various directions and there are some functionalities not completed or sound, but the main part is good and tested against ISO/DIN test cases for this kind of problem.
You can try it here, although the numeric simulations take quite a while in the cloud app
https://thermal-bridge.streamlit.app/
Disclaimer: I'm not a programmer or software engineer. I have a background in physics and understand some scripting in python and basic git. The code is messy at the moment because I explored/am still exploring to port it to another framework/language
718. If that would be true, you could surely ask an LLM to write the same complexity apps in brainfuck, right?
719. So literally everyone in the world? Yeah, seems right!
720. The former.
721. I have similar stance to you. LLM has been very useful for me but it doesn't really change the fun-ness of programming since my circumstances has allowed me find programming to be very fun. I also want to pivot out to something else if English prompt becomes the main way to develop complex software. Though my other passion is having worse career horizon in the generative AI world (art making). We'll see.
722. Fully agreed! That’s the exact kind of thing I was hoping to find when I read the article title, but unfortunately it was really just another “normal AI agent experience” I’ve seen (and built) many examples of before.
723. Use Claude Code... to do what? There are multiple layers of people involved in the decision process and they only come up with a few ideas every now and then. Nothing I can't handle. AI helps but it doesn't have to be an agent.
I'm not saying there aren't use cases for agents, just that it's normal that most software engineers are sleeping on it.
724. Gerring off of their plans and prompts is so worth it, I know from experience, I'm paying less and getting more so far, paying by token, heavy gemini-3-flash user, it's a really good model, this is the future (distillations into fast, good enough for 90% of tasks), not mega models like Claude. Those will still be created for distillations and the harder problems
725. And dads who just don't have time to make doodads like we used to!
726. Opus helped me optimized a wonky SQL query today from 4s to 5min. Truly something that only a super intelligence is capable of.
727. That's a crazy story. That confrontation must have been a difficult one :/
728. This is a natural response to software enshittification. You can hardly find an iOS app that is not plagued by ads, subscriptions, or hostile data collection. Now you can have your own small utilities that can work for you. This sort of personal software might be very valuable in the world where you are expected to pay 5$ to click any button.
729. I have a different concern: the SOTA products are expensive and get dumbed down on busy times. My personal strategy has been to be a late follower, where I adopt new AI tools when the competition has caught up with the previous SOTA, and now there are many tools that are cost effective and equally good.
Can't wait for when the competition catches up with Claude Code, especially the open source/weights Chinese alternatives :)
730. Don't want to discredit Opus at all, it's easy at directed tasks but it's not the silver bullet yet.
It is best in its class, but trips up frequently with complicated engineering tasks involving dynamic variables. Think: Browser page loading, designing for a system where it will "forget" to account for race conditions, etc.
Still, this gets me very excited for the next generation of models from Anthropic for heavy tasks.
731. After recently applying Codex to a gigantic old and hairy project that is as far from greenfield it can be, I can assure you this assertion is false. It’s bonkers seeing 5.2 churn though the complexity and understanding dependencies that would take me days or weeks to wrap my head around.
732. I was not expecting a couple of new apps being built, when the premise of the blog post talks about replacing "mid level engineers"
the thing about being an engineer at commercial capacity is "maintaining/enhancing an existing program/software system that has been developed over years by multiple people(including those who already left) and do it in a way that does not cause any outages/bugs/break existing functionality.
while the blog post mentions about the ability of using AI to generate new applications, but it does not talk about maintaining one over a longer period of time. for that, you would need real users, real constraints, and real feature requests which preferably pay you so you can priortize them.
I would love to see such blog posts where for example, a PM is able to add features for a period of one month without breaking the production, but it would be a very costly experiment.
733. Not willing to pay for? How can you be sure? For example explain then why many gamers are ditching Windows for Linux and buying hardware from Valve... There must be a reason. Every person I talked to that uses Excel hate how slow it is, same for teams and many other products. Finally, were the mentioned products built with vibe coding?
734. I agree. Claude Code went from being slower than doing it myself to being on average faster, but also far less exhausting so I can do more things in general while it works.
735. Off/nearshoring regularly produces worse code. I’ve seen it first hand.
736. > Yeah, prepare for the future.
Well excuse the shit out of my goddamn French, but being comfy for years and suddenly facing literal doom of my profession in a year wasn't on my bingo card.
And what do you even mean by "prepare"? Shit out a couple of mil out of my ass and invest asap?
737. If its a peer to you now the Ai has evolved while you didn't
738. Well probably OP won't be affected because management is very pleased with him and his output, why would they fire him? Hire someone who can probably have better output than him for 10% more money or someone who might have the same output for 25% less pay?
You think any manager in their right mind would take risks like that?
I think the real consequences are that they probably are so pleased with how productive the team is becoming that they will not hire new people or fire the ones who aren't keeping up with the times.
It's like saying "wow, our factory just produced 50% more cars this year, time to shut down half the factory to reduce costs!"
739. Even if you are going green field, you need to build it the way it is likely to be used based a having a deep familiarity with what that customer's problems are and how their current workflow is done. As much as we imagine everything is on the internet, a bunch of this stuff is not documented anywhere. An LLM could ask the customer requirement questions but that familiarity is often needed to know the right questions to ask. It is hard to bootstrap.
Even if it could build the perfect greenfield app, as it updates the app it is needs to consider backwards compatibility and breaking changes. LLMs seem very far as growing apps. I think this is because LLMs are trained on the final outcome of the engineering process, but not on the incremental sub-commit work of first getting a faked out outline of the code running and then slowly building up that code until you have something that works.
This isn't to say that LLMs or other AI approaches couldn't replace software engineering some day, but they clear aren't good enough yet and the training sets they have currently have access to are unlikely to provide the needed examples.
740. > But if claude can reliably reorganize code, fix patterns, and write working migrations for state when prompted to do so, it seems like the entire way to reason about tech debt has changed.
Yup, I recently spent 4 days using Claude to clean up a tool that's been in production for over 7 years. (There's only about 3 months of engineering time spent on it in those years.)
We've known what the tool needed for many years, but ugh, the actual work was fairly messy and it was never a priority. I reviewed all of Opus's cleanup work carefully and I'm quite content with the result. Maybe even "enthusiastic" would be accurate.
So even if Claude can't clean up all the tech debt in a totally unsupervised fashion, it can still help address some kinds of tech debt extremely rapidly.
741. These tools may not be turning a profit yet, but as many point out, this is simply due to deeply subsidized free usage to capture market share and discover new use cases.
However, their economic potential is undeniable. Just taking the examples in TFA and this sub-thread, the author was able to create economic value by automating rote aspects of his wife's business and stop paying for existing subscriptions to other apps. TFA doesn't mention what he paid for these tokens, but over the lifetime of his apps I'd bet he captures way more value than the tokens would have cost him.
As for the energy externalities, the ACM article puts some numbers on them. While acknowledging that this is an apples/oranges comparison, it points out that the training cost for GPT-3 (article is from mid-2024) is about 5x the cost of raising a human to adulthood.
Even if you 10x that for GPT-5, that is still only the cost of raising 50 humans to adulthood in exchange for a model that encapsulates a huge chunk of the world's knowledge, which can then be scaled out to an infinite number of tasks, each consuming a tiny fraction of the resources of a human equivalent.
As such, even accounting for training costs, these models are far more efficient than humans for the tasks they do.
742. I don't know, in 40 years codding I never had to ask a question there.
743. I think it's worth understanding why. Because that's not everyone's experience and there's a chance you could make a change such that you find it extremely useful.
There's a lesser chance that you're working on a code base that Claude Code just isn't capable of helping with.
744. Challenging to answer, because we're at different levels of programming. I'm Senior / Architect type with many years of experience programming, and he's an ME using code to help him with data processing and analysis.
I have a hunch if you asked which approach we took based on background, you'd think I was the one using the detailed prompt approach and him the vague.
745. >Disclaimer: This post was written by a human and edited for spelling, grammer by Haiku 4.5
Either it wasn’t that good, or the author failed in the one phrase they didn’t proofread.
(No judgement meant, it’s just funny).
746. Well, like I pointed out somewhere else, VS Code gives it a set of prompts and tools that makes it very effective for me. I see that a lot of people are still copy/pasting stuff instead of having the “integrated” experience, and it makes a real difference.
(Cue the “you’re holding it wrong meme” :))
747. This makes no sense. Not even from a cynical and selfish view point.
I consider my job to be actually useful. That I produce useful stuff to society at large.
I definitely hope that I'm replaced with someone/thing better; whatever it is. That's progress.
I surely don't hope for a futre where I retire and medics have access to worse tech than they have now.
748. Nice. Yeah I'd have to actually look at what it did. For the task of substring search, it's extremely easy to fall into a local optima. The `memchr` crate has oodles of benchmarks, and some of them are very much in tension with others. It's easy to do well on one to the expense of others.
But still, very neat.
749. Also obviously brains are both!
750. Codex for me behaves very junior engineer-ish. Claude is smarter and tries to think long term.
A great example of their behaviours for a problem that isn't 100% specified in detail (because detail would need iterations) is available at https://gist.github.com/hashhar/b1215035c19a31bbe4b58f44dbb4... .
I gave both Codex (GPT5-ExHi) and Claude (Opus 4.5 Thinking) the exact same prompts and the end results were very different.
The most interesting bit was asking both of them to try to justify why there were differences and then critiquing each other's code. Claude was so good at this - took the best parts of GPTs code, fixed a bug there and ended up with a pretty nice implementation.
The Claude generated code was much more well-organised too (less script-like, more program like).
751. > You have to think of Opus as a developer whose job at your company lasts somewhere between 30 to 60 minutes before you fire them and hire a new one.
I am stealing the heck out of this.
752. I gave it a try, I asked to do a reddit like forum and it did pretty good but damn I quickly hit the daily limit of the $20 pro account, and it took 10% of the monthly just to do the setup and some basics. I knew LLM were expensive to run but I've never felt it directly. Even if the code is good it's kinda expensive for what you get.
Ho it was also quite funny it used the exact same color as hackernews and a similar layout.
753. Isn't that kind of related with the amount of money thrown at the field? If the economy gets worse for any reason, do you think that we can still expect these level of cutting costs in the future?
754. I would love to see your closed SO questions.
But don't worry, those days are over, the LLMs it is never going to push back on your ideas.
755. That final line: "Disclaimer: This post was written by a human and edited for spelling, grammer by Haiku 4.5"
Yeah, GRAMMAR
For all the wonderment of the article, tripping up on a penultimate word that was supposedly checked by AI suddenly calls into question everything that went before...
756. You're reading too much into what I mean by "opinionated".
I have very specific requirements and constraints that come from knowledge and experience, having worked with dozens of languages. The language in question is general-purpose, highly flexible and strict but not opinionated.
However, I am not experienced in every single platform and backend which I support, and the constraints of the language create some very interesting challenges. Coding agents make this achievable in a reasonable time frame. I am enjoying making the language, and I want to get experience with making low-level languages. What is the problem? Do you ever program for fun?
757. I also have >30 years and I've had the same experience. I noticed an immediate improvement with 4.5 and I've been getting great results in general.
And yes I do make sure it's not generating crazy architecture. It might do that.. if you let it. So don't let it.
758. > we have another Claude Code agent that does a full PR review, following a detailed markdown checklist we’ve written for it.
(if you know) how is that compared to coderabbit? i'm seriously looking for something better rn...
759. I misread too. "novel" is being used as an adjective, not a noun.
They are saying they are writing "a novel […] programming language", not a novel.
760. A greenfield project is definitely 'easy mode' for an LLM; especially if the problem area is well understood (and documented).
Opus is great and definitely speeds up development even in larger code bases and is reasonably good at matching coding style/standard to that of of the existing code base.
In my opinion, the big issue is the relatively small context that quickly overwhelms the models when given a larger task on a large codebase.
For example, I have a largish enterprise grade code base with nice enterprise grade OO patterns and class hierarchies. There was a simple tech debt item that required refactoring about 30-40 classes to adhere to a slightly different class hierarchy. The work is not difficult, just tedious, especially as unit tests need to be fixed up.
I threw Opus at it with very precise instructions as to what I wanted it to do and how I wanted it to do it. It started off well but then disintegrated once it got overwhelmed at the sheer number of files it had to change. At some point it got stuck in some kind of an error loop where one change it made contradicted with another change and it just couldn't work itself out. I tried stopping it and helping it out but at this point the context was so polluted that it just couldn't see a way out.
I'd say that once an LLM can handle more 'context' than a senior dev with good knowledge of a large codebase, LLM will be viable in a whole new realm of development tasks on existing code bases. That 'too hard to refactor this/make this work with that' task will suddenly become viable.
761. In my experience, LLMs perform significantly better on readable maintainable code.
It's what they were trained on after-all.
However what they produce is often highly readable but not very maintainable due to the verbosity and obvious comments. This seems to pollute codebases over time and you see AI coding efficiency slowly decline.
762. My favorite benchmark for LLMs and agents is to have it port a medium-complexity library to another programming language. If it can do that well, it's pretty capable of doing real tasks. So far, I always have to spend a lot of time fixing errors. There are also often deep issues that aren't obvious until you start using it.
763. While I do agree with you. To play the counterpoint advocate though.
What if we get to the point where all software is basically created 'on the fly' as greenfield projects as needed? And you never need to have complex large long lived codebase?
It is probably incredibly wasteful, but ignoring that, could it work?
764. If an LLM wrote the whole project last week and it already requires a full rewrite, what makes you think that the quality of that rewrite will be significantly higher, and that it will address all of the issues? Sure, it's all probabilistic so there's probably a nonzero chance for it to stumble into something where all the moving parts are moving correctly, but to me it feels like with our current tech, these odds continue shrinking as you toss on more requirements and features, like any mature project. It's like really early LLMs where if they just couldn't parse what you wanted, past a certain point you could've regenerated the output a million times and nothing would change.
765. I have to agree, this video is hardly what most people would mean by programming. I am sure there are better videos than this?
766. It makes me so exhausted trying to read them... my brain can tell immediately when there's so much redundant information that it just starts shutting itself off.
767. That's because Opus has been out for almost 5 months now lol. Its the same model, so I think people have been vibe coding with a heavy dose of wine this holiday and are now convinced its the future.
768. This is where the LLM coding shines in my opinion, there's a list of things they are doing very well:
- single scripts. Anything which can be reduced to a single script.
- starting greenfield projects from scratch
- code maintenance (package upgrades, old code...)
- tasks which have a very clear and single definition. This isn't linked to complexity, some tasks can be both very complex but with a single definition.
If your work falls into this list they will do some amazing work (and yours clearly fits that), if it doesn't though, prepare yourself because it will be painful.
769. I was here a few weeks ago, but I'm now on the CC train. The challenge is that the terminal is quite counterintuitive. But if you put on the Linux terminal lens from a few years ago, and you start using it. It starts to make sense. The form factor of the terminal isn't intuitive for programming, but it's the ultimate.
FYI, I still use cursor for small edits and reviews.
770. Weird title. Obviously, early AI agents were clumsy, and we should expect more mature performance in future.
Leopold Aschenbrenner was talking about "unhobbling" as an ongoing process. That's what we are seeing here. Not unexpected
771. A model trained on a very large corpus can't, because these behaviors are different or specialized enough they cancel each other most of the cases. You can forcefully fine-tune a model with a singular person's behavior up to a certain point, but I'm not sure that even that can capture the subtlest of behaviors or decision mechanisms which are generally the most important ones (the ones we call gut feeling or instinct).
OTOH, while I won't call human brain perfect, the things we label "shit" generally turn out to be very clever and useful optimizations to workaround its own limitations, so I regard human brain higher than most AI proponents do. Also we shouldn't forget that we don't know much about how that thing works. We only guess and try to model it.
Lastly, searching perfection in numbers and charts or in engineering sense is misunderstanding nature and doing a great disservice to it, but this is a subject for another day.
772. If they'd be good enough you could rent them to put together closed source stuff you can hide behind a paywall, or maybe the AI owners would also own the paywall and rent you the software instead. The second that that is possible it will happen.
773. >You need to follow up with a set of strict requirements to set expectations, guard rails, and what the final product should do (and not do).
that usually very hard to do part, and is was possible to spent few days on something like that in real word before LLMs. But with LLMs is worse because is not enough to have those requirements, some of those won't work for random reasons and is no any 'rules' that can grantee results. It always like 'try that' and 'probably this will work'.
Just recently I was struggled with same prompt produced different result between API calls before I realized that just usage of few more '\"' and few spaces in prompt leaded model to completely different route of logic which produced opposite answers.
774. This is how Beads works, especially with Claude Code. What I do is I tell Claude to always create a Bead when I tell it to add something, or about something that needs to be added, then I start brainstorming, and even ask it to do market research what are top apps doing for x, y or z. Then ask it to update the bead (I call them tasks) and then finally when its got enough detail, I tell it, do all of these in parallel.
775. Oh shit your UI looks exactly 100% like mine.
776. Now that entirely depends on app. A lot of software industry is popping out and maintaining relatively simple apps with small differences and customizations per client.
777. Copilot and many coding agents truncates the context window and uses dynamic summarization to keep costs low for them. That's how they are able to provide flat fee plans.
You can see some of the context limits here:
https://models.dev/
If you want the full capability, use the API and use something like opencode. You will find that a single PR can easily rack up 3 digits of consumption costs.
778. > How are you qualified to judge its performance on real code if you don't know how to write a hello world?
The ultimate test of all software is "run it and see if it's useful for you." You do not need to be a programmer at all to be qualified to test this.
779. Cool. Please check back in with us after they’ve raised the price 50x and you can no longer build anything because you are alienated from your tools.
780. What diminishes your value is that suddenly everybody can (in theory anyway) do this work. There’s a push at my company to start letting designers do their own llm-assisted merge requests to front end projects. So now CEOs are greedily rubbing their hands together thinking maybe everybody but the plumber can be a “developer” now. I think it remains to be seen whether that’s true, but in the meantime it’s going to make getting and keeping a well-paying developer gig difficult.
781. It's a not very exciting C# command-line app that takes a PDF and emits it as a sprite sheet with a text file of all the pixel positions of each page :)
782. I suspect that's the other thing at play here; many people have only tried Copilot because it's cheap with all the other Microsoft subscriptions many companies have. Copilot frankly is garbage compared to Cursor/Claude, even with the same exact models.
783. To add to the anecdata, today GPT 5.2-whatever hallucinated the existence of two CLI utilities, and when corrected, then hallucinated the existence of non-existent, but plausible, features/options of CLI utilities that do actually exist.
I had to dig through source code to confirm whether those features actually existed. They don't, so the CLI tools GPT recommended aren't actually applicable to my use case.
Yesterday, it hallucinated features of WebDav clients, and then talked up an abandoned and incomplete project on GitHub with a dozen stars as if it was the perfect fit for what I was trying to do, when it wasn't.
I only remember these because they're recent and CLI related, given the topic, but there are experiences like this daily across different subjects and domains.
784. Objectively, we are talking about systems that have gone from being cute toys to outmatching most juniors using only rigid and slow batch training cycles.
As soon as models have persistent memory for their own try/fail/succeed attempts, and can directly modify what's currently called their training data in real time, they're going to develop very, very quickly.
We may even be underestimating how quickly this will happen.
We're also underestimating how much more powerful they become if you give them analysis and documentation tasks referencing high quality software design principles before giving them code to write.
This is very much 1.0 tech. It's already scary smart compared to the median industry skill level.
The 2.0 version is going to be something else entirely.
785. Mm this is my experience as well, but I'm not particularly worried about software engineering a whole.
If anything this example shows that these cli tools give regular devs much higher leverage.
There's a lot of software labor that is like, go to the lowest cost country, hire some mediocre people there and then hire some US guy to manage them.
That's the biggest target of this stuff, because now that US guy can just get equal or hight code in both quality and output without the coordination cost.
But unless we get to the point where you can do what I call "hypercode" I don't think we'll see SWEs as a whole category die.
Just like we don't understand assembly but still need technical skills when things go wrong, there's always value in low level technical skills.
786. Limits reset every 5 hours on the pro plan right?
787. Agree... but that is exactly what MVPs are. Humans have been shipping MVPs while calling them production-ready for decades.
788. Because the same claims of "AI tool does everything" are made over and over again.
789. It's very good at following instructions. You can build dedicated agents for different tasks (backend, API design, database design) and make it follow design and coding patterns.
It's verbose by default but a few hours of custom instructions and you can make it code just like anyone
790. What I am building doesn't work as a DSL, because it relies on compiler optimizations not available to DSLs in other languages. It also has low level support for cross-platform GPU programming. However, I do have support for FFI and also plan to experiment with a WASM port that works with a JS/TS API.
791. It's not an all or nothing permission. How I use claude code it has to ask me for permission for every CLI tool use. This seems like reasonable way to balance security with utility and would allow the agent to correct itself when it hallucinates CLI tools. Or just run it in an isolated container where it can't break anything and give it full perms.
792. The honest answer is that I would probably ask AI to analyze the video for me, and that it would probably do a pretty good job.
793. Sure, eventually we'll have AGI, then no worries, but in the meantime you can only use the tools that exist today, and dreaming about what should be available in the future doesn't help.
I suspect that the timeline from autocomplete-one-line to autocomplete-one-app, which was basically a matter of scaling and RL, may in retrospect turn out to have been a lot faster that the next LLM to AGI step where it becomes capable of using human level judgement and reasoning, etc, to become a developer, not just a coding tool.
794. > Time will tell what happens, but if programming becomes "prompt engineering", I'm planning on quitting my job and pivoting to something else. It's nice to get stuff working fast, but AI just sucks the joy out of building for me.
I hear you but I think many companies will change the role ; you'll get the technical ownership + big chunks of the data/product/devops responsibility. I'm speculating but I think one person can take that on himself with the new tools and deliver tremendous value. I don't know how they'll call this new role though, we'll see.
795. It acts differently when using it through a third party tool
Try it again using Claude Code and a subscription to Claude. It can run as a chat window in VS Code and Cursor too.
796. The $20 plan for CC is good enough for 10-20 minutes of opus every 5h and you’ll be out of your weekly limit after 4-5 days if you sleep during the night. I wouldn’t be surprised if Anthropic actually makes a profit here. (Yeah probably not, but they aren’t burning cash.)
797. Man, I've been biting my tongue all day with regards to this thread and overall discussion.
I've been building a somewhat-novel, complex, greenfield desktop app for 6 months now, conceived and architected by a human (me), visually designed by a human (me), implementation heavily leaning on mostly Claude Code but with Codex and Gemini thrown in the mix for the grunt work. I have decades of experience, could have built it bespoke in like 1-2 years probably, but I wanted a real project to kick the tires on "the future of our profession".
TL;DR I started with 100% vibe code simply to test the limits of what was being promised. It was a functional toy that had a lot of problems. I started over and tried a CLI version. It needed a therapist. I started over and went back to visual UI. It worked but was too constrained. I started over again. After about 10 complete start-overs in blank folders, I had a better vision of what I wanted to make, and how to achieve it. Since then, I've been working day after day, screen after screen, building, refactoring, going feature by feature, bug after bug, exactly how I would if I was coding manually. Many times I've reached a point where it feels "feature complete", until I throw a bigger dataset at it, which brings it to its knees. Time to re-architect, re-think memory and storage and algorithms and libraries used. Code bloated, and I put it on a diet until it was trim and svelte. I've tried many different approaches to hard problems, some of which LLMs would suggest that truly surprised me in their efficacy, but only after I presented the issues with the previous implementation. There's a lot of conversation and back and forth with the machine, but we always end up getting there in the end. Opus 4.5 has been significantly better than previous Anthropic models. As I hit milestones, I manually audit code, rewrite things, reformat things, generally polish the turd.
I tell this story only because I'm 95% there to a real, legitimate product, with 90% of the way to go still. It's been half a year.
Vibe coding a simple app that you just want to use personally is cool; let the machine do it all, don't worry about under the hood, and I think a lot of people will be doing that kind of stuff more and more because it's so empowering and immediate.
Using these tools is also neat and amazing because they're a force multiplier for a single person or small group who really understand what needs done and what decisions need made.
These tools can build very complex, maintainable software if you can walk with them step by step and articulate the guidelines and guardrails, testing every feature, pushing back when it gets it wrong, growing with the codebase, getting in there manually whenever and wherever needed.
These tools CANNOT one-shot truly new stuff, but they can be slowly cajoled and massaged into eventually getting you to where you want to go; like, hard things are hard, and things that take time don't get done for a while. I have no moral compunctions or philosophical musings about utilizing these tools, but IMO there's still significant effort and coordination needed to make something really great using them (and literally minimal effort and no coordination needed to make something passable)
If you're solo, know what you want, and know what you're doing, I believe you might see 2x, 4x gains in time and efficiency using Claude Code and all of his magical agents, but if your project is more than a toy, I would bet that 2x or 4x is applied to a temporal period of years, not days or months!
798. Didn't feel like reading all this so I shortened it! sorry!
I shortened it for anyone else that might need it
----
Software engineers are sleeping on Claude Code agents. By teaching it your conventions, you can automate your entire workflow:
Custom Skills: Generates code matching your UI library and API patterns.
Quality Ops: Automates ESLint, doc syncing, and E2E coverage audits.
Agentic Reviews: Performs deep PR checks against custom checklists.
Smart Triage: Pre-analyzes tickets to give devs a head start.
Check out the showcase repo to see these patterns in action.
799. More fundamentally: assume a 10 to 30% bump in actual productivity, find a niche (editing software, CRUD frameworks, SharePoint 2.0, stock trading, betting, whatever), and assume you had Anthropics billions or openAIs billions or Microsoft’s billions or Googles billions.
Why on earth would you be hunting $20 a month subscriptions from random assed people? Peanuts.
Lockheed-Martin could be, but isn’t, opening lemonade stands outside their offices… they don’t because of how buying a Ferrari works.
800. Power tools give way to robotics though so it seems small minded to think so small? Have you been following the latest trends though? New models come out all the time so you can't have this tool brand mindset. Keep studying and you'll get there.
</comments>
Based on the content above, return a JSON object with this exact structure:
{
"article_summary": "A short paragraph summarizing the article",
"comment_summary": "A short paragraph summarizing the overall discussion",
"topics": ["Topic Name # description of related ideas", ...]
}
Generate up to 20 distinct topics from the comments, focusing on the most interesting and prevalent themes. Each topic should have:
- A concise name (2-6 words) before the # separator
- A description after the # separator
For each topic, the description after the # separator should be 20-80 words identifying ideas, phrases, subtopics, and/or themes that appear in the comments that relate to this topic.
Remember: Output ONLY the JSON object, no commentary or markdown formatting.